Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 4: pp. 59-84
Cell Structure and Function
Ribosome: site of protein synthesis
Inclusion body: stored nutrients for later use
Mesosome: plasma membrane that folds into the cytoplasm and increases surface area
Fimbriae: hairlike bristles that allow adhesion to the surfaces
Plasma membrane: outer surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules
Conjugation pilus: elongated, hollow appendage used for DNA transfer to other bacterial cells
Nucleoid: location of the bacterial chromosome
Cytoskeleton: maintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts:
Plasma membrane: sheath around cytoplasm that regulates entrance and exit of molecules
Cell wall: covering that supports, shapes, and protects cell
Glycocalyx: gel-like coating outside cell wall; if compact, called a capsule; if diffuse, called a slime layer
Flagellum: rotating filament present in some bacteria that pushes the cell forward
*not in plant cells
Nucleus:
Endoplasmic reticulum:
PowerPoint? Lecture Slides are prepared by Dr. Isaac Barjis, Biology Instructor
Copyright ? The McGraw Hill Companies Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
BIOLOGY
10th Edition
1
Sylvia S. Mader
Outline
Cellular Level of Organization
Cell theory Cell size
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
Organelles
Nucleus and Ribosome Endomembrane System Other Vesicles and Vacuoles Energy related organelles Cytoskeleton
Centrioles, Cilia, and Flagella
2
Cell Theory
Detailed study of the cell began in the 1830s A unifying concept in biology Originated from the work of biologists Schleiden
and Schwann in 1838-9 States that:
All organisms are composed of cells
German botanist Matthais Schleiden in 1838 German zoologist Theodor Schwann in 1839
All cells come only from preexisting cells
German physician Rudolph Virchow in 1850's
Cells are the smallest structural and functional unit of organisms
3
Organisms and Cells
Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
a.
c.
b.
50 m
d.
140 m
a: ? Geoff Bryant/Photo Researchers, Inc.; b: Courtesy Ray F. Evert/University of Wisconsin Madison; c: ? Barbara J. Miller/Biological Photo Service; d: Courtesy O. Sabatakou and E. Xylouri-Frangiadak
4
Sizes of Living Things
0.1 nm 1 nm
10 nm 100 nm
Copyright ? The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
1 m 10 m 100 m 1 mm 1 cm
0.1 m
1 m 10 m 100 m 1 km
protein
amino acid
atom
virus
chloroplast
plant and animal cells
frog egg
mouse
rose
most bacteria
human egg
ant
ostrich egg
electron microscope
human
light microscope
human eye
blue whale
5
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