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Chapter 4: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Review Sheet

|Question |

|Answer |

| |

|Energy Questions (4.1) |

|Why do organisms need energy? (give three reasons) |Active transport |

| |Cell growth |

| |Cell division |

| |Making macromolecules |

|What do you call an organism that can make its own food? |Autotroph |

|What do you call an organism that consumes other organisms for energy? |Heterotroph |

|What is the ultimate source of energy for life on earth? |The sun |

|What molecule do cells use for energy? |ATP |

|What do the letters above stand for? |Adenosine Tri Phosphate |

|When you break phosphates off of ATP, what gets released? |Energy |

|Which food molecules are most frequently broken down by your cells for |Carbohydrates |

|energy? | |

|What is the name for the process that uses chemicals as an energy source |Chemosynthesis |

|(instead of sunlight) to build sugars? | |

|Photosynthesis Questions (4.2) |

| The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy in the form of organic|photosynthesis |

|compounds (like glucose). | |

| What is the overall reaction of photosynthesis? |6CO2 + 6H2O ( C6H12O6 + 6O2 |

|Where in a cell does photosynthesis take place? |chloroplasts |

| What are the reactants (raw materials) of photosynthesis? |Carbon dioxide & water |

|What are the products of photosynthesis? |Glucose & oxygen |

| This pigment molecule has the role of absorbing light energy during |Chlorophyll |

|photosynthesis. Where does this molecule “live”? | |

| |Thylakoid membranes |

| Why is chlorophyll green (and thus why plants are green)? |Can’t absorb green light, so it reflects green light |

| What is the major atmospheric product (gas in the atmosphere) of |oxygen |

|photosynthesis? | |

| What is the original source of the oxygen produced? (what molecule is |water |

|broken down to release oxygen) | |

| What three environmental factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis? |Light, temperature, pH, CO2 Levels |

| | |

| | |

| Where in a cell does photosynthesis take place? |chloroplasts |

|What are the two stages of photosynthesis? |Light-dependent reactions |

| |Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) |

|Which stage converts captured light energy into chemical energy? |Light-dependent Reactions |

|Which stage splits water, releasing oxygen gas as a product? |Light-dependent Reactions |

| These are the disk-shaped structures inside of a chloroplast where the |Thylakoid Membranes |

|light-dependent reactions take place? | |

|Which stage of photosynthesis produces carbohydrate molecules using energy |Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) |

|(ATP) from the light reactions? | |

|Molecules of what gas are used (“fixed”) to create sugars? |Carbon dioxide |

| Fluid inside of chloroplasts where the Calvin Cycle take place? |Stroma |

|What happens to the sugars that get produced in photosynthesis? |They can be used by the plant (or organisms that eat plant |

| |cells) in cellular respiration |

|Cellular Respiration Questions (4.4 & 4.6) |

|What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration? |C6H12O6 + 6O2 ( 6CO2 + 6H2O+ ATP |

| |Glucose + oxygen ( carbon dioxide + water + ATP (cellular |

| |energy) |

|This process breaks down food molecules (like sugars) to release stored |Cellular Respiration |

|energy in the form of ATP. | |

|What are the reactants (raw materials) for cellular respiration? |Glucose and oxygen |

|What are the products of cellular respiration? |Carbon dioxide and water |

|What are the two types of respiration? |Aerobic & anaerobic |

| | |

|What is different in the two types you answered for #33? |Aerobic occurs when oxygen is present, anaerobic occurs when |

| |oxygen is absent |

|Which process, aerobic or anaerobic respiration produces more ATP per |Aerobic |

|molecule of glucose burned? | |

|What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration? |Glycolysis |

| |Krebs Cycle |

| |Electron Transport |

| During glycolysis, glucose is broken down, producing 2 ATP’s and two |pyruvate |

|molecules of what? | |

|What is the first step of either anaerobic or aerobic respiration where |Glycolysis |

|glucose is “broken” down? | |

|Where in a cell does cellular respiration take place? |mitochondria |

|Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? |Electron transport |

| What is another name for anaerobic respiration? (when organic molecules |Fermentation |

|are broken down in the absence of oxygen) | |

|What are the two types of fermentation, and who does them? |Lactic acid fermentation done by human and bacterial cells |

| |Alcoholic fermentation by yeast and plant cells |

| What substance causes your muscles to “burn” after substantial exercise |Lactic acid |

|because they do not have sufficient oxygen? | |

| How are photosynthesis and respiration related as a cycle? |The products of one are the reactants of the other |

| | |

| | |

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What to Study:

❑ Ch 4 Notepacket

❑ Study Guide Ch 4

❑ This Review Sheet

Test Format:

❑ 20 M/C

❑ 12 Matching (2 sections)

❑ 10 Short Answer

40 Points Total (42 possible)

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