Lesson 3 | Matter and Energy in Ecosystems



Name Date Class

LESSON 3

Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

A. Matter and Energy

1. Most of the on Earth today has been here since our

planet formed.

2. Matter can neither be created nor , but it can

change .

3. As organisms grow, die, and , matter cycles

through .

4. cannot be recycled, but it can change from one form to

another, as when the energy in burning wood changes

to and thermal energy.

B. Obtaining Energy

1. Every organism needs a constant supply of to stay alive.

2. The energy that is used by most organisms on Earth comes from

the .

a. Using the process of , some organisms use light

energy, , and carbon dioxide to

produce .

b. Organisms that use an outside energy source such as the Sun to produce their

own food are called .

c. The in food is stored in the

bonds that hold the molecules in the food together.

d. When these bonds break during the process of ,

is released.

3. Organisms that cannot make their own food are called ;

there are four main kinds of consumers.

a. are consumers that eat plants and other kinds of

producers; some examples are snails, deer, rabbits, and bees.

b. are consumers that eat herbivores and other types of

consumers; some examples are cats, snakes, hawks, frogs, and spider.

Interactions of Life 1

Name Date Class

Lesson Outline continued

c. are consumers that eat both producers and other

consumers; some examples are bears, robins, pigs, rats, and humans.

d. are consumers that break down the bodies of dead

organisms; some examples are fungi, bacteria, wood lice, termites, and earthworms.

e. Decomposers help matter.

C. Transferring Energy

1. Energy can be from one organism to another in

ecosystems when one organism another organism.

2. A(n) is a model that shows how energy flows in an

ecosystem through feeding relationships.

a. A food chain always begins with a(n) because they

are the source of for all other organisms in a

community.

b. Energy moves in a food chain from producer to or

omnivore and then to other omnivores and carnivores, and finally

to .

c. The in a food chain show the direction of the energy

transfer.

3. A model of energy transfer that can show how the food chains in a

community are interconnected is called a(n) .

2 Interactions of Life

Name Date Class

LESSON 3

Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

Directions: Circle the term or phrase in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.

1. Matter can (change form/be created).

2. Some matter (disappears/cycles) through ecosystems as organisms grow, die, and

decompose.

3. Energy can be converted and (recycled/transferred).

4. (Photosynthesis/Cellular respiration) is the process during which some organisms

produce their own food.

5. (Nitrogen/Carbon dioxide) is used during photosynthesis, along with water and light

energy.

6. Organisms that use photosynthesis are called (producers/consumers).

7. (Photosynthesis/Cellular respiration) is the process that breaks the chemical bonds that

hold food molecules together.

8. (Consumers/Producers) are organisms that cannot make their own food.

9. People eat plants and animals, so they are classified as (omnivores/carnivores).

10. Food chains and food webs are models used to show how (matter/energy) is transferred.

11. A food chain always begins with a (decomposer/producer).

12. To show all the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem, you would use

a food (chain/web).

3 Interactions of Life

Name Date Class

LESSON 3

Text-Analysis Activity: Classification

Learning the Skill

Suppose you are helping a friend organize the CDs in her music collection. Would you

organize the music alphabetically or by the name of the artist? Maybe you would group

CDs according to the type of music or based on how much your friend likes the different

albums.

Classification is the grouping of objects or concepts into categories. Classification involves

two parts: 1) identifying categories, and 2) sorting the objects or concepts into the categories.

Before classifying a set of objects, you must first analyze the objects’ characteristics, which

will help you decide how to group the objects. There can be multiple ways to classify the same

set of objects. In the example above, the music collection could be grouped alphabetically, by

type of music, or by how much your friend likes the music. Can you think of any other ways

that the music collection could be classified?

Practicing the Skill

Directions: Classify each set of terms into the given categories.

|1. commensalism |competition |mutualism |parasitism |predation |

|Non-Symbiotic Relationships |Symbiotic Relationships |

| | |

|2. ants |birds |carnivores |dandelions |grasses |trees |worms |

|Consumers |Producers |

| | |

4 Interactions of Life

Name Date Class

LESSON 3

Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

Key Concept How do organisms obtain energy?

Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Each term is

used only once.

|carnivore |decomposer |herbivore |omnivore |

|Types of Consumers |

|1. |Eats only plants and other producers. |

|2. |Eats herbivores and other consumers. |

|3. |Eats producers and consumers. |

|4. |Breaks down dead organisms. |

Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.

5. Where does most energy on Earth come from?

6. What is a producer?

7. What happens during photosynthesis?

8. What happens during cellular respiration?

5 Interactions of Life

Name Date Class

LESSON 3

Matter and Energy in Ecosystems

Key Concept What are the differences between a food chain and a food web?

Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question on the lines provided.

1. Which organisms in the food web are producers?

2. Which organism is an omnivore? How do you know?

3. Which organisms would be affected if the producers disappeared? Explain.

6 Interactions of Life

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Lesson Outline

Content Practice A

Language Arts Support

Key Concept Builder

Key Concept Builder

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