Protein Synthesis - Weebly
[Pages:41]Protein Synthesis
Honors Biology
2006-2007
What do we know?
? Metabolism is controlled by enzymes
enzymes are proteins
? DNA contains the genetic information to build proteins.
? DNA is only in the nucleus. Ribosomes are not.
? How then can DNA be used to build proteins?
Honors Biology
2006-2007
The "Central Dogma"
? Flow of genetic information in a cell
How do we move information from DNA to proteins?
DNA
transcriptRioNn A
translation
protein
trait
replication
Honors Biology
DNA gets all the glory,
but proteins do all the work!
2006-2007
RNA Does the Work
? Traits, like eye color, are determined by proteins that are coded in DNA.
Our cells, however, need a "secret decoder ring" to express the DNA code..........
AND, we need to get the instructions on how to make the protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes.
ENTER: Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
Honors Biology
2006-2007
Protein Synthesis
? DNA molecules provide the instructions for making proteins
? BUT, RNA molecules are what build the proteins based on those
instructions.
The workers for Protein Synthesis (gene expression) are RNA molecules.
Honors Biology
2006-2007
Honors Biology
2006-2007
RNA Structure
? RNA structure differs from DNA structure in 3 ways:
1. RNA is single stranded
2. RNA is composed of the sugar
Ribose
3. In RNA, a new base Uracil
replaces Thymine
Honors Biology
2006-2007
RNA Nitrogen Bases
? Both RNA and DNA contain four nitrogen bases, but instead of Thymine, RNA contains Uracil (U)
Uracil forms a base pair with
Adenine, just as Thymine
does in DNA.
? RNA: U - A
? DNA: T - A
Honors Biology
2006-2007
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