Partition Alignment of Intel SSDs for Achieving Maximum Performance and ...

Partition Alignment of Intel? SSDs for Achieving Maximum Performance and Endurance

Technical Brief February 2014

Order Number: 330105-001US

Intel? Solid-State Drive Data Center Family

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February 2014 330105-001

Intel? Solid-State Drive Data Center Family

Contents

1

Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 About This Guide .......................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Anatomy of a Drive ....................................................................................................... 5

2

Why Alignment is Important........................................................................................... 6

2.1 Partition Offset ............................................................................................................. 6

2.2 File System .................................................................................................................. 6

3

Proper File System Alignment ......................................................................................... 8

3.1 Checking Alignment ...................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Alignment for Windows .................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Alignment for Linux* ..................................................................................................... 9

3.4 Re-align Partitions Without Losing Data ........................................................................... 9

Figures

Figure 2-1: Figure 2-2: Figure 2-3:

Misaligned Partition .......................................................................................... 6 Properly Aligned Partition at 1MB ....................................................................... 6 Aligned Partition versus Misaligned Partition ........................................................ 7

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Intel? Solid-State Drive Data Center Family

Revision History

Document Number 330105

Revision Number

001

? Initial release.

Description

Revision Date February 2014

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February 2014 330105-001

Intel? Solid-State Drive Data Center Family

1 Introduction

1.1

About This Guide

This guide provides a technical overview of partition alignment on an individual Intel? Solid-State Drive (SSD).

The audience is any user of Intel SSDs, specifically Enterprise level System Administrators and Engineers.

There is a great deal of information on the internet regarding partition alignment on SSDs. This brief will attempt to address some of that information and explain the importance of alignment on Intel SSDs in order to achieve maximum performance and longest life from a drive. Misalignment can negatively impact the performance of Intel's Consistently Amazing Data Center Family of SSDs. This brief will describe the procedures for checking the alignment of partitions under the Windows Operating System (OS) and the Linux* family of OS's. It will also explain the procedure to re-align a partition using standard tools. By following these steps, an SSD can attain the speed, endurance, and consistency of performance it was designed to produce.

1.2

Anatomy of a Drive

In traditional Hard Disk Drives (HDDs), a 512 Byte physical sector size has been the standard. Operating systems understand this sector layout and align their partitions with these sectors. However, most new HDDs use a 4096 Byte physical sector size, which is translated by the firmware to mimic a 512 Byte sector size to the Operating System (OS). Intel SSDs also have physical structures, similar to sectors, called pages. Intel SSDs have different page sizes depending on the model, but the current Intel Datacenter SSDs have 8 KB and 16KB pages. These pages are then organized into blocks. On top of these structures is an abstraction layer that makes the SSD appear to the OS as a traditional HDD. But, it is the internal structure that makes alignment so important.

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