The Experience of Discrimination

The Experience of

Discrimination

Chapter 11 Whitley and Kite

The Experience of Discrimination

Social Stigma Responses to Discrimination Consequences of Prejudice Coping with Discrimination

Social Stigma

Discrimination and its effects are often invisible to the majority group Social Stigma ? traits or behaviors that violate majority group norms

Reactions include dehumanization, threat, aversion, and discrimination

Benign Stigmas ? typically short-lived less negative Harmful Stigmas ? more permanent, less concealable, and more

dangerous

Social Stigma

Stigma by Association ? biases towards interacting with stigmatized others and those they associate with Relationships with stigmatized others can lead to negative and positive impressions

Tokenism

Token ? being the sole representative of a social group

Visibility ? tokens get more attention Contrast ? differences between tokens and majority are magnified Assimilation ? judge token's behaviors based on stereotypes Majority group tokens may not experience same negative consequences

Reactions to Discrimination

Attributional Ambiguity ? stigmatized individuals experience uncertainty regarding ability and performance Stigmatized may discount negative feedback feeling that it stems from prejudice

Reactions to Discrimination

Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy (PGDD) ? feeling that personal discrimination is less likely than group discrimination

Feel like you're better than average, but group is worse off May think more of extreme examples of discrimination, or try to justify their own

non-action Perceive complainers negatively Stigma Consciousness ? people aware of and sensitive to prejudice are more

likely to see discrimination

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