3687317_mlbio10_Ch13_TestA_3rd.indd



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RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice

Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.

1. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine

b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine

c. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?

a. uracil c. cytosine

b. guanine d. adenine

3. What is produced during transcription?

a. RNA molecules c. RNA polymerase

b. DNA molecules d. proteins

4. During eukaryotic transcription, the molecule that is formed is

a. complementary to both strands of DNA.

b. identical to an entire single strand of DNA.

c. double-stranded and inside the nucleus.

d. complementary to part of one strand of DNA.

5. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?

a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

b. Each codon specifies a different amino acid.

c. Some amino acids have no link to a codon.

d. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

6. A promoter is a

a. binding site for DNA polymerase.

b. binding site for RNA polymerase.

c. start signal for replication.

d. stop signal for transcription.

7. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the

a. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA.

b. anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

c. anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA.

d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

8. What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?

a. Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.

b. Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA.

c. Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA.

d. Viruses can translate without RNA.

9. In eukaryotes

a. Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus.

b. Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

c. Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus.

d. Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

10. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation?

a. substitution c. deletion

b. insertion d. inversion

11. Gene regulation in eukaryotes

a. usually involves operons.

b. is simpler than in prokaryotes.

c. allows for cell specialization.

d. includes the action of an operator region.

12. What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?

a. miRNA c. dicer enzymes

b. transcription factors d. silencing complexes

Completion

Complete each statement on the line provided.

13. A eukaryotic gene consists of regulatory regions, a(n) ____________________, and the nucleotide sequence that is transcribed.

14. Insertions and deletions that change the entire genetic message that comes after the mutation are called ____________________.

15. Mutant 1 in Figure 13–2 is the result of a(n) ________________ because part of the chromosome reverses direction.

16. The element bromine can cause a genetic change, so bromine is called a _____________.

17. A mutation in a series of genes called ____________________ can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.

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13

Figure 13–1

Mutant 1

Normal

Chromosome

Mutant 2

Figure 13–2

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