Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids

[Pages:45]Chapter 14 Liquids and Solids

Section 14.1

Water and Its Phase Changes

Reviewing What We Know

? Gases Low density Highly compressible Fill container

? Solids High density Slightly compressible Rigid (keeps its shape)

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Section 14.1

Water and Its Phase Changes

Heating/Cooling Curve

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Section 14.1

Water and Its Phase Changes

Heating/Cooling Curve

? Normal boiling point: at 1 atm = 100?C ? Normal freezing point: at 1 atm = 0?C ? Density

Liquid water = 1.00 g/mL Ice = 0.917 g/mL

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Section 14.1

Water and Its Phase Changes

Concept Check

During the process of melting ice by adding heat, the temperature of the ice/liquid water slurry

a) stays constant. b) increases. c) decreases. d) cannot be predicted.

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Section 14.2

Energy Requirements for the Changes of State

? Changes of state are physical changes. No chemical bonds are broken.

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Section 14.2

Energy Requirements for the Changes of State

Phase Changes

? When a substance changes from solid to liquid to gas, the molecules remain intact.

? The changes in state are due to changes in the forces among molecules rather than in those within the molecules.

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Section 14.2

Energy Requirements for the Changes of State

Phase Changes

? Solid to Liquid As energy is added, the motions of the molecules increase, and they eventually achieve the greater movement and disorder characteristic of a liquid.

? Liquid to Gas As more energy is added, the gaseous state is eventually reached, with the individual molecules far apart and interacting relatively little.

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