Chapter Reinforcement and Study Guide Principles of Ecology Section 2.1 ...

Name

Date

Class

Chapter

2 Principles of Ecology

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Environment

In your textbook, read about what ecology is and about aspects of ecological study. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

ecology humans

biotic factors organisms

nonliving soil

environments biosphere

atmosphere abiotic factors

Living organisms in our world are connected to other (1) _________o_r_g_a_n__is_m__s_________ in a

variety of ways. The branch of biology called (2) __________e_c_o_l_o_g__y__________ is the scientific study of

interactions among organisms and their (3) _______e_n_v_i_r_o_n__m__e_n_t_s_______ , including relationships

between living and (4) _________n_o__n_l_iv_i_n_g__________ things.

All living things on Earth can be found in the (5) _________b_i_o_s_p_h__e_r_e_________ , the portion of Earth that supports life. It extends from high in the (6) ________a_t_m__o_s_p_h__e_r_e________ to the bottom

of the oceans. Many different environments can be found in the biosphere. All living organisms found in an environment are called (7) _______b__io__t_ic__f_a_c_t_o_r_s_______ . Nonliving parts of an environment are called (8) ______a_b__io__t_ic__f_a_c_t_o_r_s______ . For example, whales, trees, and (9) ________h__u_m__a_n_s________ are biotic factors. Ocean currents, temperature, and (10) ___________s_o__il___________ are abiotic factors.

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

In your textbook, read about levels of organization in ecology.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A ______d______ 11. A group of organisms of one species that

interbreed and live in the same place at the same time

______a______ 12. A collection of interacting populations

______e______ 13. Interactions among the populations and abiotic factors in a community

______b______ 14. Occurs between organisms when resources are scarce

Column B a. community b. competition c. forest d. population e. ecosystem

______c______ 15. A terrestrial ecosystem

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life 7

Name

Date

Class

Chapter

2 Principles of Ecology, continued

In your textbook, read about organisms in ecosystems.

Reinforcement and Study Guide

Section 2.1 Organisms and Their Environment, continued

For each statement below, write true or false. ____f_a_ls_e________ 16. A habitat is the role a species plays in a community.

____t_r_u_e________ 17. Habitats may change.

____f_a_ls_e________ 18. A niche is the place where an organism lives its life.

____f_a_ls_e________ 19. A habitat can include only one niche.

____t_r_u_e________ 20. A species' niche includes how the species meets its needs for food and shelter.

____t_r_u_e________ 21. The centipedes and worms that live under a certain log occupy the same habitat but have different niches.

____f_a_ls_e________ 22. It is an advantage for two species to share the same niche.

____t_r_u_e________ 23. Competition between two species is reduced when the species have different niches.

Complete the table below by writing the kind of relationship described on the left.

Description of Relationship

Relationships Among Organisms Kind of Relationship

24. Organisms of different species live together in a close, permanent relationship.

symbiosis

25. One species benefits and the other species is neither benefited nor harmed by the relationship.

commensalism

26. One species benefits from the relationship at the expense of the other species.

parasitism

27. Both species benefit from the relationship.

mutualism

Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8 CHAPTER 2 BIOLOGY: The Dynamics of Life

REINFORCEMENT AND STUDY GUIDE

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