CHAPTER 2 Study Guide - Mr. Insua's Science Site
Name
Date
Class
Study Guide, Section 3: Cycling of Matter
CHAPTER 2
Study Guide
Section 3: Cycling of Matter
continued
In your textbook, read about the nitrogen cycle.
Use each of the terms below only once to complete the passage.
ammonia
denitrification
In your textbook, read about the water cycle.
Number the steps of the water cycle in the order in which they occur, starting with the
collection of water in lakes or oceans.
atmosphere
nitrogen fixation
(14)
3. Through evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a gas that becomes part of the air.
by plants in a process called (15)
4. Through condensation, water in the air changes from a gas to tiny droplets of liquid.
(16)
.
. The nitrogen is captured and converted into a form that is usable
. Nitrogen enters the food web when
absorb nitrogen compounds from the soil and use them to make
proteins. (17)
In your textbook, read about the carbon and oxygen cycles.
get nitrogen by eating plants or animals that contain
nitrogen. Nitrogen is returned to the soil when animals (18)
Refer to the illustration. Use each of the terms below only once to complete the passage.
cycles
respiration
decomposers
urinate
Plants and animals cannot use the nitrogen that makes up a large percentage of the
2. Water returns to Earth as rain or snow through the process of precipitation.
carbon
photosynthesis
decay
proteins
Nitrogen is a nutrient that organisms need to produce (13)
1. Water is absorbed by plants growing in the soil and used for photosynthesis.
atmosphere
living organisms
consumers
plants
decomposition
water
or when
. (20)
organisms die and (19)
break
down organic matter found in organisms into (21)
. This compound is
changed by organisms in the soil into other nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants. Finally, some
4HE #ARBON #YCLE
"URNING OF
FOSSIL FUELS
soil bacteria convert nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas, which returns to the atmosphere in a process
called (22)
.
In your textbook, read about the phosphorus cycle.
long-term cycle
#/ IN
ATMOSPHERE
new rock
short-term cycle
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Label the diagram of the phosphorus cycle. Use these choices:
soil and groundwater
0HOTOSYNTHESIS
0RECIPITATION
)NDUSTRY AND
AGRICULTURE
2ESPIRATION
23.
$EATH DECOMPOSITION
0HOTOSYNTHESIS
#/ DISSOLVED IN WATER
25.
#ARBON COMPOUNDS
CONVERTED TO FOSSIL FUELS
#ALCIUM CARBONATES IN
ROCKS AND SHELLS
26.
$EATH DECOMPOSITION
(5)
-OUNTAIN
BUILDING
/CEANS LAKES
PONDS RIVERS
$ECOMPOSERS
3EDIMENTS
is a part of all organic compounds, which make up living things.
It (6)
through the environment due to the flow of energy in ecosystems.
The carbon cycle is made of several processes, including (7)
(8)
0LANTS AND
ANIMALS
24.
, and (9)
,
. During these
processes, carbon moves between its major reservoirs. These major reservoirs include the
(10)
, the (11)
(12)
.
Unit 1
, and
CHAPTER 2 Principles of Ecology
51
52
Principles of Ecology CHAPTER 2
Unit 1
Name
Section
Quick Check
Date
Class
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 2
Name
Class
Section 3: Cycling of Matter
which type of ecological relationship do two
bk In
organisms benefit from living together?
After reading the section in your textbook, respond to each statement.
A
B
C
D
1. State the function of nitrogen fixation.
commensalism
competition
mutualism
parasitism
the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen is continuously
bl In
recycled. Which types of organisms break
2. Summarize the long-term cycle of phosphorus.
down nitrogen compounds in dead organisms
and recycle them into the soil?
A heterotrophs
B bacteria
C green plants
D herbivores
3. Determine why cycles in the biosphere are called biogeochemical cycles.
to the energy pyramid below, which
bm According
organisms are the primary consumers?
4. Describe the carbon and oxygen cycles that occur among living things.
Raccoons
Frogs
a sweet potato can provide energy for
bn Eating
human metabolic processes. What is the
original source of this energy?
A protein molecules stored in the potato
B starch molecules absorbed by the potato
C vitamins and minerals from the soil
D light energy transformed by photosynthesis
is released at each level of a pyramid of
bo What
energy?
A
B
C
D
animals
heat
decomposers
plants
an ecosystem, what happens to the atoms of
bp In
certain chemical elements, such as carbon,
oxygen, and nitrogen?
A They move into and out of living systems.
B They are only found in abiotic factors.
C They move out of living systems and do not
return.
D They move into living systems and remain
there.
Mosquito larvae
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright ? Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Date
Algae
5. Appraise the importance of the role that plants play in the water cycle.
Unit 1
A
B
C
D
CHAPTER 2 Principles of Ecology
59
4
algae
mosquito larvae
frogs
raccoons
CHAPTER 2
0001-0020-STP-879935.indd 4
STANDARDIZED TEST PRACTICE
4/23/07 3:28:01 PM
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