Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide

[Pages:197]GLENCOE

Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide

STUDENT WORKBOOK

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ISBN: 978-0-07-880608-7 MHID: 0-07-880608-9

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CONTENTS

To the Student ............................................................................................. vii

Chapter 1 The First Americans Section 1 Migration to the Americas........................................................... 1 Section 2 Cities and Empires ...................................................................... 4 Section 3 North American Peoples ............................................................. 7

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas Section 1 A Changing World ....................................................................... 10 Section 2 Early Exploration......................................................................... 13 Section 3 Spain in America ......................................................................... 16 Section 4 Exploring North America ............................................................ 19

Chapter 3 Colonial America Section 1 Early English Settlements............................................................ 22 Section 2 New England Colonies ................................................................ 25 Section 3 Middle Colonies........................................................................... 28 Section 4 Southern Colonies ....................................................................... 31

Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies Section 1 Life in the Colonies ..................................................................... 34 Section 2 Government, Religion, Culture ................................................... 37 Section 3 France and Britain Clash............................................................. 40 Section 4 The French and Indian War ........................................................ 43

Chapter 5 The Spirit of Independence Section 1 Taxation Without Representation................................................ 46 Section 2 Building Colonial Unity .............................................................. 49 Section 3 A Call to Arms ............................................................................. 52 Section 4 Moving Toward Independence ................................................... 55

Chapter 6 The American Revolution Section 1 The Early Years............................................................................ 58 Section 2 The War Continues ...................................................................... 61 Section 3 The War Moves West and South ................................................. 64 Section 4 The War Is Won ........................................................................... 67

Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union Section 1 The Articles of Confederation..................................................... 70 Section 2 Convention and Compromise ..................................................... 73 Section 3 A New Plan of Government........................................................ 76

Chapter 8 The Federalist Era Section 1 The First President ...................................................................... 79 Section 2 Early Challenges .......................................................................... 82 Section 3 The First Political Parties ............................................................ 85

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Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era Section 1 The Republicans Take Power...................................................... 88 Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase .............................................................. 91 Section 3 A Time of Conflict ....................................................................... 94 Section 4 The War of 1812 .......................................................................... 97

Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion Section 1 Economic Growth........................................................................ 100 Section 2 Westward Bound ......................................................................... 103 Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism ............................................................... 106

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy ................................................................ 109 Section 2 Conflicts Over Land..................................................................... 112 Section 3 Jackson and the Bank ................................................................. 115

Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny Section 1 The Oregon Country ................................................................... 118 Section 2 Independence for Texas.............................................................. 121 Section 3 War With Mexico ......................................................................... 124 Section 4 California and Utah ..................................................................... 127

Chapter 13 North and South Section 1 The North's Economy.................................................................. 130 Section 2 The North's People...................................................................... 133 Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom .......................................................... 136 Section 4 The South's People ...................................................................... 139

Chapter 14 The Age of Reform Section 1 Social Reform............................................................................... 142 Section 2 The Abolitionists.......................................................................... 145 Section 3 The Women's Movement ............................................................. 148

Chapter 15 Toward Civil War Section 1 Slavery and the West ................................................................... 151 Section 2 A Nation Dividing........................................................................ 154 Section 3 Challenges to Slavery .................................................................. 157 Section 4 Secession and War....................................................................... 160

Chapter 16 The Civil War Section 1 The Two Sides ............................................................................. 163 Section 2 Early Stages of the War ............................................................... 166 Section 3 Life During the War..................................................................... 169 Section 4 The Strain of War ........................................................................ 172 Section 5 The War's Final Stages................................................................. 175

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Chapter 17 Reconstruction and the New South Section 1 Reconstruction Plans ................................................................... 178 Section 2 Radicals in Control ...................................................................... 181 Section 3 The South During Reconstruction .............................................. 184 Section 4 Change in the South ................................................................... 187

Chapter 18 Opening the West Section 1 The Mining Booms ...................................................................... 190 Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers................................................................. 193 Section 3 Native American Struggles .......................................................... 196 Section 4 Farmers in Protest ....................................................................... 199

Chapter 19 The Industrial Age Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way............................................................... 202 Section 2 Inventions .................................................................................... 205 Section 3 An Age of Big Business .............................................................. 208 Section 4 Industrial Workers ....................................................................... 211

Chapter 20 An Urban Society Section 1 The New Immigrants................................................................... 214 Section 2 Moving to the City....................................................................... 217 Section 3 A Changing Culture ..................................................................... 220

Chapter 21 The Progressive Era Section 1 The Progressive Movement ......................................................... 223 Section 2 Women and Progressives ............................................................ 226 Section 3 Progressive Presidents ................................................................ 229 Section 4 Excluded from Reform ................................................................ 232

Chapter 22 Rise to World Power Section 1 Expanding Horizons.................................................................... 235 Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific ........................................................... 238 Section 3 Spanish-American War ................................................................ 241 Section 4 Latin American Policies ............................................................... 244

Chapter 23 World War I Section 1 War in Europe.............................................................................. 247 Section 2 America's Road to War ................................................................ 250 Section 3 Americans Join the Allies ............................................................ 253 Section 4 The War at Home ........................................................................ 256 Section 5 Searching for Peace..................................................................... 259

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age Section 1 Time of Turmoil........................................................................... 262 Section 2 Desire for Normalcy .................................................................... 265 Section 3 A Booming Economy .................................................................. 268 Section 4 The Roaring Twenties ................................................................. 271

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Chapter 25 The Depression and the New Deal Section 1 The Great Depression ................................................................. 274 Section 2 Roosevelt's New Deal .................................................................. 277 Section 3 Life During the Depression......................................................... 280 Section 4 Effects of the New Deal .............................................................. 283

Chapter 26 America and World War II Section 1 Road to War ................................................................................. 286 Section 2 War Begins................................................................................... 289 Section 3 On the Home Front..................................................................... 292 Section 4 War in Europe and Africa ........................................................... 295 Section 5 War in the Pacific ........................................................................ 298

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era Section 1 Cold War Origins ......................................................................... 301 Section 2 Postwar Politics ........................................................................... 304 Section 3 The Korean War........................................................................... 307 Section 4 America in the 1950s .................................................................. 310

Chapter 28 The Civil Rights Era Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement ......................................................... 313 Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson................................................................. 316 Section 3 The Struggle Continues ............................................................... 319 Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights .......................................................... 322

Chapter 29 The Vietnam Era Section 1 Kennedy's Foreign Policy............................................................ 325 Section 2 War in Vietnam ............................................................................ 328 Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home ....................................................... 331 Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam ..................................................................... 334

Chapter 30 America in the 1970s Section 1 Nixon's Foreign Policy ................................................................ 337 Section 2 Nixon and Watergate ................................................................... 340 Section 3 The Carter Presidency ................................................................. 343

Chapter 31 New Challenges Section 1 The Reagan Presidency ............................................................... 346 Section 2 The Bush Presidency................................................................... 349 Section 3 A New Century ............................................................................ 352 Section 4 The War on Terror ....................................................................... 355 Section 5 Challenges Ahead ........................................................................ 358

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To the Student

Taking good notes helps you become more successful in school. Using this book helps you remember and understand what you read. You can use this Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide to improve your test scores. Some key parts of this booklet are described below.

The Importance of Graphic Organizers

First, many graphic organizers appear in this Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide. Graphic organizers allow you to see important information in a visual way. Graphic organizers also help you understand and summarize information, as well as remember the content.

The Cornell Note-Taking System

Second, you will see that the pages in the Reading Essentials and NoteTaking Guide are arranged in two columns. This two-column format is based on the Cornell Note-Taking System, developed at Cornell University. The large column on the right side of the page contains the essential information from each section of your textbook, The American Journey.

The column on the left side of the page includes a number of note-taking prompts. In this column, you will perform various activities that will help you focus on the important information in the lesson. You will use recognized reading strategies to improve your reading-for-information skills.

students acquire vocabulary knowledge, their ability to learn improves.

Writing Prompts and Note-Taking

Finally, a number of writing exercises are included in this Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide. You will see that many of the note-taking exercises ask you to practice the critical-thinking skills that good readers use. For example, good readers make connections between their lives and the text. They also summarize the information that is presented and make inferences or draw conclusions about the facts and ideas. At the end of each section, you will be asked to respond to two short-answer questions and one essay. The essays prompt you to use one of four writing styles: informative, descriptive, persuasive, or expository.

The information and strategies contained within the Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide will help you better understand the concepts and ideas discussed in your social studies class. They also will provide you with skills you can use throughout your life.

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Vocabulary Development

Third, you will notice that vocabulary words are bolded throughout the Reading Essentials and Note-Taking Guide. Take special note of these words. You are more likely to be successful in school when you have vocabulary knowledge. When researchers study successful students, they find that as

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