Chapter 3 – Cell Structures & Functions

Biology 12

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Cell Biology

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Chapter 3 ? Cell Structures & Functions

Complete using BC Biology 12, pages 62 - 107

3.1 The Cellular Level of Organization

pages 66 - 67

1. The macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and nucleic acids, discussed in the last chapter are not alive, yet the

cell is alive. The cell is the

(a) and

(b) unit

of an organism. It is the smallest unit capable of performing all the functions necessary for

(c)

2. History of microscopy: name the scientist that made the following contributions to cell biology

1 2

Across

3

3. Concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells.

5. Made some of the earliest microscopes.

4

Down

5

1. Stated that plants are composed of cells.

2. Stated that animals are made up of living units called cells.

4. First used the term "cell" to refer to the honeycomb

structure of cork observed in the microscope.

3. The cell theory is a basic theory of biology which states

4. Complete the following table.

Cube side length

Surface Area (6s2)

Volume (l x w x h)

1 cm

2 cm

3 cm

4 cm

SA:V Ratio

5. Using the information from the table above, explain why humans are made up of trillions of small cells instead of just big one.

6. Why are there some cells that are much larger, even visible to the human eye, such as a chicken egg?

7. Give an example of a modification utilized by cells that specialize in absorption.

3.2 Eukaryotic Cells

8. All cells are surrounded by a (b) embedded with

9. Describe the composition of cytoplasm. 10. Define organelle:

(a) consisting of a (c) molecules.

11. Identify the organelles on the following diagram. Use Figure 3.3 on page 70 to help.

pages 67 - 77

12. Match the functions of the organelles to their correct descriptions.

cytoskeleton

A. cellular respiration (production of energy)

Golgi apparatus

B. shape of cell and movement of its parts

mitochondria

C. lipid synthesis, tasks vary depending on type of cell

nucleus

D. regulates molecule passage into and out of cells

peroxisomes

E. storage of substances

plasma membrane

F. folding, modification, and transport of proteins

ribosomes

G. processing, packaging and distribution of proteins and lipids

rough endoplasmic reticulum H. various metabolic tasks

smooth endoplasmic reticulum I. protein synthesis

vacuoles and vesicles

J. storage of genetic information; synthesis of DNA and RNAhe

Cytoskeleton

pages 77 - 80

13. Briefly describe the specific parts of the nucleus chromatin: chromosomes: nucleoplasm: nucleolus: nuclear envelope: nuclear pores:

14. Where in the cell are ribosomes found? 15. The endomembrane system consists of the:

16. How does the Golgi apparatus known whether the proteins made at the rough ER belong inside the cell or are to be transported out of the cell?

17. Name three functions of lysosomes.

18. Use Figure 3.7 on page 74 to identify the missing labels in the diagram below.

19. Where in the body do we have cells that contain high numbers of peroxisomes?

20. Contrast animal and plant cells (based on organelles or specific organelle functions).

Unique to animal cells

i.

ii.

iii.

Unique to plant cells

i.

ii.

iii.

21. Plants have

(a) which use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates by

the process of

(b). This process is described by the equation:

22. Label the chloroplast below with the terms: grana, stroma, and thylakoid

23. Many organisms carry on

(a) which is performed within the (b). This process can be represented by the equation:

24. Label the mitochondrion below with the terms: matrix and cristae

25. Compare the chloroplast and the mitochondria in the following table.

A. Organelle with a double membrane B. Converts solar energy into carbohydrates C. Converts carbohydrates into ATP D. Found in plant cells E. Found in animal cells F. Smaller of the two organelles G. Contain a single circular DNA molecule and ribosomes H. Divide by splitting in two (similar to how bacteria reproduce) I. Thought to play a role in aging J. All come from the female parent

Chloroplast Mitochondria

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