Biology Workbook - Access to Success-Science
Biology Workbook
Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DougJW) Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DWilkin) Margaret Lynch, Ph.D. (MLynch)
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Printed: October 26, 2013
AUTHORS Douglas Wilkin, (DougJW) Douglas Wilkin, (DWilkin) Margaret Lynch, (MLynch)
Ph.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.
EDITOR Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D.
CONTRIBUTOR Doris Kraus, (DKraus)
iii
Contents
Contents
1 What is Biology? Worksheets
1
1.1 Science and the Natural World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Biology: The Study of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 The Chemistry of Life Worksheets
13
2.1 Matter and Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Biochemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.3 Water, Acids, and Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3 Cellular Structure and Function Worksheets
32
3.1 Introduction to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.2 Cell Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3 Cell Transport and Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets
51
4.1 Energy for Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2 Photosynthesis: Sugar as Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.3 Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.4 Anaerobic Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5 The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis Worksheets
76
5.1 Cell Division and the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.2 Chromosomes and Mitosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.3 Reproduction and Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6 Gregor Mendel and Genetics Worksheets
95
6.1 Mendel's Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6.2 Mendelian Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7 Molecular Genetics: From DNA to Proteins Worksheets
108
7.1 DNA and RNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
7.2 Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7.3 Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
7.4 Regulation of Gene Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8 Human Genetics and Biotechnology Worksheets
132
8.1 Human Chromosomes and Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
8.2 Human Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
8.3 Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
9 Life: From the First Organism Onward Worksheets
151
9.1 Earth Forms and Life Begins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
9.2 The Evolution of Multicellular Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
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Contents
9.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
10 The Theory of Evolution Worksheets
170
10.1 Darwin and the Theory of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
10.2 Evidence for Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
10.3 Microevolution and the Genetics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
10.4 Macroevolution and the Origin of Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
11 The Principles of Ecology Worksheets
195
11.1 The Science of Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
11.2 Recycling Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
11.3 Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
12 Communities and Populations Worksheets
213
12.1 Community Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
12.2 Characteristics of Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
12.3 Human Population Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
12.4 The Biodiversity Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
12.5 Natural Resources and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
13 Microorganisms: Prokaryotes and Viruses Worksheets
242
13.1 Prokaryotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
13.2 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
14 Eukaryotes: Protists and Fungi Worksheets
255
14.1 Introduction to Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
14.2 Types of Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
14.3 Introduction to Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
14.4 Ecology of Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
14.5 Protists, Fungi, and Human Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
15 Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets
283
15.1 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
15.2 Four Types of Modern Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
15.3 Plant Evolution and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
16 Plant Biology Worksheets
299
16.1 Plant Tissues and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
16.2 Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
16.4 Plant Adaptations and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
17 Introduction to Animals Worksheets
321
17.1 Overview of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
17.2 Overview of Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
18 From Sponges to Invertebrate Chordates Worksheets
333
18.1 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, and Roundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
18.2 Mollusks and Annelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
18.3 Arthropods and Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
18.4 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
19 From Fish to Birds Worksheets
357
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