Biology Workbook - Access to Success-Science

Biology Workbook

Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DougJW) Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D. (DWilkin) Margaret Lynch, Ph.D. (MLynch)

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Printed: October 26, 2013

AUTHORS Douglas Wilkin, (DougJW) Douglas Wilkin, (DWilkin) Margaret Lynch, (MLynch)

Ph.D. Ph.D. Ph.D.

EDITOR Douglas Wilkin, Ph.D.

CONTRIBUTOR Doris Kraus, (DKraus)

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Contents



Contents

1 What is Biology? Worksheets

1

1.1 Science and the Natural World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 Biology: The Study of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 The Chemistry of Life Worksheets

13

2.1 Matter and Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.2 Biochemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.3 Water, Acids, and Bases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3 Cellular Structure and Function Worksheets

32

3.1 Introduction to Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.2 Cell Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.3 Cell Transport and Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Worksheets

51

4.1 Energy for Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.2 Photosynthesis: Sugar as Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.3 Powering the Cell: Cellular Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

4.4 Anaerobic Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

5 The Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Meiosis Worksheets

76

5.1 Cell Division and the Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

5.2 Chromosomes and Mitosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

5.3 Reproduction and Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

6 Gregor Mendel and Genetics Worksheets

95

6.1 Mendel's Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

6.2 Mendelian Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

7 Molecular Genetics: From DNA to Proteins Worksheets

108

7.1 DNA and RNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

7.2 Protein Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

7.3 Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

7.4 Regulation of Gene Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

8 Human Genetics and Biotechnology Worksheets

132

8.1 Human Chromosomes and Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

8.2 Human Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

8.3 Biotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

9 Life: From the First Organism Onward Worksheets

151

9.1 Earth Forms and Life Begins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

9.2 The Evolution of Multicellular Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

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Contents

9.3 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

10 The Theory of Evolution Worksheets

170

10.1 Darwin and the Theory of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

10.2 Evidence for Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

10.3 Microevolution and the Genetics of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

10.4 Macroevolution and the Origin of Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

11 The Principles of Ecology Worksheets

195

11.1 The Science of Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196

11.2 Recycling Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

11.3 Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

12 Communities and Populations Worksheets

213

12.1 Community Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

12.2 Characteristics of Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

12.3 Human Population Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

12.4 The Biodiversity Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

12.5 Natural Resources and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

13 Microorganisms: Prokaryotes and Viruses Worksheets

242

13.1 Prokaryotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

13.2 Viruses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

14 Eukaryotes: Protists and Fungi Worksheets

255

14.1 Introduction to Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

14.2 Types of Protists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

14.3 Introduction to Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

14.4 Ecology of Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

14.5 Protists, Fungi, and Human Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

15 Plant Evolution and Classification Worksheets

283

15.1 Introduction to the Plant Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

15.2 Four Types of Modern Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

15.3 Plant Evolution and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

16 Plant Biology Worksheets

299

16.1 Plant Tissues and Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

16.2 Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

16.3 Variation in Plant Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

16.4 Plant Adaptations and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316

17 Introduction to Animals Worksheets

321

17.1 Overview of Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

17.2 Overview of Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

18 From Sponges to Invertebrate Chordates Worksheets

333

18.1 Sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms, and Roundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

18.2 Mollusks and Annelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340

18.3 Arthropods and Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

18.4 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Chordates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

19 From Fish to Birds Worksheets

357

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