Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn)



Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Marieb/Hoehn)

Chapter 4 Tissue: The Living Fabric

Matching Questions

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Figure 4.1

Using Figure 4.1, match the following:

1) Supports and protects; stores calcium.

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 133

2) Forms tendons and ligaments.

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 129

3) Supports and protects; insulates against heat loss; reserve source of fuel.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 128

4) Provides tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 132

5) Composed of cells in a fluid matrix.

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 135

[pic]

Figure 4.2

Using Figure 4.2, match the following:

6) Simple cuboidal epithelium.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 118; Fig. 4.3b

7) Cardiac muscle.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 137; Fig. 4.10b

8) Simple squamous epithelium.

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 117; Fig. 4.3a

9) Stratified squamous epithelium.

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 120; Fig. 4.3e

10) Skeletal muscle.

Answer: E

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 136; Fig. 4.10a

Match the following:

A) Serous membrane

B) Endothelium

C) Mucous membrane

D) Cutaneous

11) The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 138

12) The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior. membrane

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 138

13) Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138

14) Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138

15) Makes up the pleura and pericardium.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138

16) Lines blood vessels and the heart.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117

Answers: 11) A 12) C 13) D 14) C 15) A

16) B

Match the following:

A) Mesenchyme

B) Hyaline cartilage

C) Reticular tissue

D) Elastic cartilage

17) Structural support of the external ear and other structures that need support with flexibility.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 132; Fig. 4.8h

18) Forms much of the fetal skeleton and covers the articular surfaces of long bones.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 131; Fig. 4.8g

19) Embryonic connective tissue that arises from mesoderm and produces all types of connective tissues.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 126

20) Source of new cells in mature connective tissue.

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

21) Forms internal supporting framework of soft organs such as the spleen.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 128; Fig. 4.8c

Answers: 17) D 18) B 19) A 20) A 21) C

Match the regeneration capacity of the following tissues:

A) Weak regenerative ability

B) Moderate regenerative ability

C) Regenerates extremely well

D) Virtually no functional regenerative ability

E) Moderate regenerative ability.

22) Smooth muscle.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

23) Skeletal muscle.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

24) Cardiac muscle.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

25) Areolar connective tissue.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

26) Tendons and ligaments.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

Answers: 22) E 23) A 24) D 25) C 26) B

True/False Questions

1) The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 133

2) Brown fat is frequently deposited between the shoulder blades of infants.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 127

3) Achilles was wounded by damage to the tendon connecting his calf muscles to his heel. This and all tendons are composed mainly of dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 129

4) Macrophages are found in areolar and lymphatic tissues.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

5) Goblet cells are found with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 119

6) Epithelial tissues always exhibit polarity; that is, they have a free surface and a basal surface.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 115

7) Simple cuboidal epithelia are usually associated with secretion and absorption.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117

8) Depending on the functional state of the bladder, transitional epithelium may resemble stratified squamous or stratified cuboidal epithelium.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121

9) Stratified cuboidal epithelium is moderately rare in the body and found only in the pharynx, larynx, and anorectal junction.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 119

10) Endothelium covers and lines internal cavities such as the pleural and peritoneal cavities.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 138

11) Merocrine glands produce their secretions by accumulating their secretions internally and then rupturing the cell.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 122

12) Salivary glands exhibit simple tubuloalveolar glandular arrangement.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 123; Fig. 4.6

13) Connective tissues that possess a large quantity of collagen fibers often provide the framework for organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 129

14) The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibers and adipose cells present.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 129

15) A major characteristic of fibrocartilage is its unique amount of flexibility and elasticity.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133

16) Cartilage tissue tends to heal less rapidly than bone tissue.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 131

17) Intercalated discs and striations are found in skeletal muscle.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 136

18) Smooth muscle cells possess central nuclei but lack striations.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 136

19) Most connective tissues have regenerative capacity, while most epithelial tissues do not.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116

20) Squamous cells are flattened and scalelike when mature.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 116

21) Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124

22) Sweat glands are apocrine glands.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121

23) Endocrine glands are often called ducted glands.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121

24) Blood is considered a type of connective tissue.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 133

25) Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibers.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134, 136

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following is not found in the matrix of cartilage but is in bone?

A) live cells

B) lacunae

C) blood vessels

D) organic fibers

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133

2) The reason that intervertebral discs exhibit a large amount of tensile strength to absorb shock is because they possess ________.

A) hydroxyapatite crystals

B) collagen fibers

C) reticular fibers

D) elastic fibers

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133

3) What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, and blood vessels?

A) cartilage tissue

B) fibrocartilaginous tissue

C) osseous tissue

D) areolar tissue

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133

4) How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic or fibrocartilage?

A) It is more vascularized.

B) It contains more nuclei.

C) Fibers are not normally visible.

D) It has more elastic fibers.

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 131

5) Epithelial tissue ________.

A) is highly vascularized

B) has a basement membrane

C) is usually acellular

D) contains a number of neuron types

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116

6) Which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelium?

A) microvilli

B) Golgi bodies

C) lysosomes

D) multiple nuclei

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121; Fig. 4.4

7) Mammary glands exhibit a glandular type called ________.

A) simple tubular

B) compound tubular

C) simple alveolar

D) compound alveolar

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 123; Fig 4.5

8) What feature characterizes simple columnar epithelium of the digestive tract?

A) dense microvilli

B) a rich vascular supply

C) fibroblasts

D) cilia

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117-118

9) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium ________.

A) lines the respiratory tract

B) aids in digestion

C) possesses no goblet cells

D) is not an epithelial classification

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 119

10) Which of the following is a single-celled layer of epithelium that forms the lining of serous membranes?

A) simple transitional

B) simple columnar

C) simple squamous

D) simple cuboidal

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117

11) Which statement best describes connective tissue?

A) usually contains a large amount of matrix

B) always arranged in a single layer of cells

C) primarily concerned with secretion

D) usually lines a body cavity

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124

12) Matrix is composed of ________.

A) cells and fibers

B) fibers and ground substance

C) ground substance and cells

D) all organic compounds

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124

13) Cell types likely to be seen in areolar connective tissue include all except ________.

A) chondrocytes

B) fibroblasts

C) macrophages

D) mast cells

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

14) Which tissue type arises from all three embryonic germ layers?

A) epithelial tissue

B) connective tissue

C) nervous tissue

D) muscle tissue

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 115

15) The fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ________.

A) elastic

B) collagen

C) reticular

D) muscle

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

16) Organized groups of cells (plus their intercellular substances) that have a common purpose form a(n) ________.

A) organ

B) tissue

C) organism

D) organ system

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 114

17) The shape of the external ear is maintained by ________.

A) adipose tissue

B) elastic cartilage

C) hyaline cartilage

D) fibrocartilage

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 133

18) Inability to absorb digested nutrients and secrete mucus might indicate a disorder in which tissue?

A) simple squamous

B) transitional

C) simple columnar

D) stratified squamous

Answer: C

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 117-118

19) Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

A) exocrine

B) endocrine

C) sebaceous

D) ceruminous

Answer: B

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121

20) Which of the following is true about epithelia?

A) Simple epithelia are commonly found in areas of high abrasion.

B) Stratified epithelia are associated with filtration.

C) Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs.

D) Pseudostratified epithelia are commonly keratinized.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 117

21) Chondroblasts ________.

A) are mature cartilage cells located in spaces called lacunae

B) within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix

C) located deep to the perichondrium divide and secrete new matrix on the internal portions of the cartilage

D) never lose their ability to divide

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 131

22) ________ epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but all the cells are in contact with the basement membrane.

A) Stratified cuboidal

B) Stratified columnar

C) Transitional

D) Pseudostratified columnar

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 119

23) A multilayered epithelium with cuboidal basal cells and flat cells at its surface would be classified as ________.

A) simple cuboidal

B) simple squamous

C) transitional

D) stratified squamous

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 119

24) An epithelial membrane ________.

A) usually involves transitional epithelium

B) is formed of epithelium and smooth muscle

C) contains simple or stratified epithelia and a basement membrane

D) never contains mucus-forming cells

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116

25) Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified ________.

A) structurally into alveolar and acinar types

B) structurally into vascular and avascular types

C) functionally into merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine divisions

D) functionally into secreting or nonsecreting types

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121-122

26) Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?

A) Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.

B) Apocrine cells are destroyed, then replaced, after secretion.

C) Holocrine cells are slightly damaged by the secretory process, but repair themselves.

D) These glands are ductless.

Answer: A

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 122

27) Which of these is not considered connective tissue?

A) cartilage

B) adipose

C) muscle

D) blood

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124

28) What are glycosaminoglycans?

A) positively charged proteins

B) negatively charged proteins

C) positively charged polysaccharides

D) negatively charged polysaccharides

Answer: D

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124

29) Which is true concerning muscle tissue?

A) highly cellular and well vascularized

B) cuboidal shape enhances function

C) contains contractile units made of collagen

D) is a single-celled tissue

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 136

30) The first step in tissue repair involves ________.

A) replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

B) proliferation of fibrous connective tissue

C) inflammation

D) formation of scar tissue

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138-139

31) Select the correct statement regarding multicellular exocrine glands.

A) Compound glands are so called because they are constructed from more than one cell type.

B) The secretory cells of holocrine glands release their product by rupturing.

C) Exocrine glands always lack ducts.

D) Merocrine glands release their secretion by pinching off part of the cell.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 121-122

32) What are the three main components of connective tissue?

A) ground substance, fibers, and cells

B) alveoli, fibrous capsule, and secretory cells

C) collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers

D) fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 124-125

33) Which of the following statements is true of connective tissue?

A) Elastin fibers are sometimes called white fibers.

B) When connective tissue is stretched, collagen gives it the ability to snap back.

C) Collagen fibers provide high tensile strength.

D) Reticular fibers form thick, ropelike structures.

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 125

34) Select the correct statement regarding the cells of connective tissue.

A) Connective tissue does not contain cells.

B) Connective tissue cells are nondividing.

C) Chondroblasts are the main cell type of connective tissue proper.

D) "Blast" cells are undifferentiated, actively dividing cells.

Answer: D

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 125-126

35) Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair.

A) Granulation tissue is highly susceptible to infection.

B) Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.

C) Granulation tissue is another name for a blood clot.

D) The clot is formed from dried blood and transposed collagen fibers.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138-139

36) Select the correct statement regarding epithelia.

A) Simple epithelia form impermeable barriers.

B) Stratified epithelia are tall, narrow cells.

C) Stratified epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

D) Pseudostratified epithelia consist of at least two layers of cells stacked on top of one another.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116

37) Select the correct statement regarding adipose tissue.

A) It is composed mostly of extracellular matrix.

B) Its primary function is nutrient storage.

C) Mature adipose cells are highly mitotic.

D) Most of the cell volume is occupied by the nucleus.

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 127

38) Which cells are commonly found wedged between simple columnar epithelial cells?

A) goblet cells

B) mast cells

C) macrophages

D) cilia

Answer: A

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117

39) Select the correct statement regarding factors that affect the tissue repair process.

A) The type of tissue injured is not an important factor.

B) Nutrition does not seem to influence tissue repair.

C) The age of the person is a factor in the repair process.

D) The health of an individual does not seem to make any difference in the speed of repair.

Answer: C

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138-141

40) In adults, new surface epithelial cells and the epithelial cells lining the intestine are derived from _________.

A) mitotic division of existing epithelial cells

B) stem cells

C) underlying epithelial cells

D) components of the connective tissue

Answer: B

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 144

41) Mesenchymal cells are most commonly found in ________ connective tissue.

A) areolar

B) dense regular

C) embryonic

D) reticular

Answer: C

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

Fill-in-the-Blank/Short Answer Questions

1) ________ tissue forms the framework for the lamina propria of mucous membranes.

Answer: Areolar or loose connective

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

2) Cardiac muscle tissue is single nucleated, has intercalated discs, and is ________.

Answer: branched

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 136

3) ________ muscle cells are multinucleated.

Answer: Skeletal

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 136

4) ________ live in the lacunae of cartilage.

Answer: Chondrocytes

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 131

5) The uppermost layer of skin is composed of ________.

Answer: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 119

6) Kidney tubules are composed of ________ epithelium.

Answer: simple cuboidal

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 117

7) Multiple rows of cells covering a tissue in which the cells are the same shape from the basement membrane to the surfaces would be ________ epithelia.

Answer: transitional

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 121

8) All epithelial tissue rests upon a(n) ________ composed of connective tissue.

Answer: basement membrane

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 115-116

9) The salivary glands are a good example of a(n) ________ exocrine gland.

Answer: compound tubuloalveolar

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 123; Fig. 4.5

10) What distinguishes cancer cells from the cells of benign neoplasms?

Answer: metastasis and invasiveness

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142

11) Macrophage-like cells are found in many different tissues, and may have specific names that reflect their location or specializations. What is the one functional characteristic common to all macrophage-like cells?

Answer: phagocytosis

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 126

12) All of the following statements refer to events of tissue repair. Put the events in proper numbered order according to the sequence of occurrence. The initial event, the injury, is already indicated as number one.

1. The skin receives a cut that penetrates into the dermis and bleeding begins.

2. Epithelial regeneration is nearly complete.

3. Granulation tissue is formed.

4. Blood clotting occurs and stops the blood flow.

5. The scar retracts.

6. Macrophages engulf and clean away cellular debris.

7. Fibroblasts elaborate connective tissue fibers to span the break.

Answer: 1-4-3-7-6-5-2

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138-140

13) Since mature adipocytes do not divide, how can adults gain weight?

Answer: Adipocytes contain a fat-filled vacuole that can fill or empty, causing the cell to gain or lose volume.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 127

14) Tendon tears or breaks are difficult to repair both physiologically and surgically. Why?

Answer: Tendons are composed of dense regular connective tissue, which consists of densely packed, parallel connective tissue fibers. This type of tissue has relatively few cells and vascular supply is poor; consequently, repair is slow. Because of the structure of the tissue, surgical repair can be compared to attempting to suture two bristle brushes together.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 129

15) How is epithelial tissue the opposite of connective tissue?

Answer: In epithelial tissue the cells are packed together very tightly. Epithelial tissue is avascular. Epithelial tissue has three cell types that cover or line things and make tubes. Epithelial tissue has no fibers and it tends to be polar. Connective tissue has cells spaced far apart and is highly vascular (except cartilage). The cells of connective tissue vary greatly in shape and size. Connective tissue glues other tissues together and has three fiber types. Connective tissue tends to be nonpolar. Connective tissue has a large amount of ground substance; epithelial tissue does not.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 115-116, 124

16) What is a simple method of telling the difference between stratified squamous epithelium and transitional epithelium?

Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium changes cell shape from the basement membrane to the surface. At the basement membrane the cells tend to be columnar or cuboidal and flatten out as they work their way to the surface. Transitional epithelium has cells that are pretty much the same shape from the basement membrane to the surface. The surface cells are generally the largest cells. The cells change their shape according to the pressure applied.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 119, 121

17) How is blood unique among connective tissues?

Answer: Blood does not give mechanical support, its matrix is fluid, the cells are loose, the fibers are soluble, it carries nutrients, waste products, and other substances, and it attaches to several gasses.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 133

18) What are the primary germ layers during embryonic development and what do they ultimately produce?

Answer: The ectoderm produces skin, the nervous system, and all tubes opening to the outside. The mesoderm produces muscles and connective tissue. The endoderm produces all internal organs.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141; Fig. 4.13

19) Explain what is meant by epithelial tissue being avascular but innervated.

Answer: Epithelial tissue contains no blood vessels but is supplied by nerve fibers.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 116

Clinical Questions

1) A 45-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for surgical removal of a tumor on her thyroid gland. The surgeon informs her that she will have only a very small scar. How could this be possible?

Answer: By making a thin incision, the amount of granulation (scar-forming) tissue will be minimal. As the scar tissue beneath matures and contracts, the layer of epithelium thickens and resembles the adjacent tissue. The final result may be only a fine white line.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 138-140

2) John, a 72-year-old grandfather, had been smoking heavily for 24 years and had a persistent cough. A biopsy of his lung tissue revealed considerable amounts of carbon particles. How could this happen considering the natural cleaning mechanism of the respiratory system?

Answer: The sweeping action of the ciliated epithelium is essential in order to propel inhaled dust and other debris out of the respiratory tract. Anything that inhibits this mechanism would allow foreign substances to remain in the tract, which may cause damage. Chemicals such as nicotine may inhibit the action of the cilia, allowing carbon particles found in smoke to remain in the lungs.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 115

3) Aunt Jessie woke up one morning with excruciating pain in her chest. She had trouble breathing for several weeks. Following a visit to the doctor, she was told she had pleurisy. What is this condition and what did it affect?

Answer: Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the serosal membranes covering the lungs and lining the thoracic wall. Pain is caused by the irritation and friction as the lungs rub against the walls of the cavity.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 138

4) In adult humans, most cancers are carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. These include cancers of the skin, lung, colon, breast, and prostate. Which of the four basic tissue types is involved? Why do you think this is so?

Answer: Epithelium gives rise to most cancers. This is probably because epithelial cells divide more, leading to more opportunity for damage to growth control mechanisms, and because epithelia are more often in contact with environmental insults such as ultraviolet radiation and carcinogens.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 142-143

5) Explain why an open wound would need a bed of granulation tissue for wound healing to occur.

Answer: Granulation tissue contains capillaries that grow in nearby areas and lay down a new capillary bed. This means the wound bed has a meshwork of capillaries that provide oxygen-rich blood to the wound for healing.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 138-140

6) Without macrophages, wound healing is delayed. Why?

Answer: Macrophages are large, irregularly shaped cells that act as key defenders that avidly phagocytize a broad variety of foreign materials, ranging from foreign molecules to entire bacteria to dust particles. This "big eater" also disposes of dead tissue cells, which helps to clean out the wound, allowing for granulation tissue to form.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 126

7) A 6-year-old child fell off his bike and scraped his knee. Describe the first stage of wound healing.

Answer: The first stage is the inflammatory stage, characterized by hemostasis (cessation of bleeding) and formation of blood clots and phagocytosis by leukocytes and macrophages.

Diff: 3 Page Ref: 138-139

8) Explain why an infection may occur in a tissue injury.

Answer: The skin is the largest organ in the body and protects underlying tissues from injury by preventing the passage of microorganisms. The skin and the mucous membranes are considered the body's first line of defense.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138

9) Describe local clinical signs and symptoms of the inflammatory stage of wound healing.

Answer: Pain, swelling, redness, and heat.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 138-139

10) A 19-year-old model for Glamour magazine tripped over an extension cord, causing injury to her epidermis. She is afraid the injury will leave a scar. Based on your knowledge of regeneration, what would you say to this patient?

Answer: Regeneration is the replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function. Scaring would be minimal, if there are no complications such as infection.

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 141

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