Chapter 1 & 2 Study Guide



Cumulative Final Test

• Chapters Covered

Chapters 1 & 2

(Basics of Psychology)

Chapters 3-5

(Body & Mind)

Chapter 6

(Learning)

Chapter 7

(Memory)

Chapters 8-9

(Thinking & intelligence)

Chapters 10-12

(Infancy to Adulthood)

Chapters 13 & 14

(Personality)

Chapters 16 & 17

(Stress & Disorders)

• Types of Questions

Multiple Choice

Matching

True or False

Labeling

Identification

Essay

• Arrange the following Theories in Order and/or provide examples for each step

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

Sternberg’s Intelligence Factors

Erickson’s Stages of Development

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Conflict Types

• Identify the following things

Morphemes

Phonemes

Parts of the Eye

Parts of the Ear

• Essay, you will pick 2 to write on.

Explain each stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Compare Watson’s and Skinner’s theory of personality with Freud’s theory.

• Terms to Know

Psychology

Behavior

Cognitive Activities

Structuralism

Functionalism

Behaviorism

Reinforcement

Psychoanalysis

Target Population

Sample Population

Random Sample

Stratified Sample

Generalizing

Volunteer Bias

Testing

Case-Study

Naturalistic Observation

Longitudinal

Cross-Sectional

Laboratory Observation

Variables

Independent Variables

Dependent Variables

Placebo Effect

Single Blind-Study

Double Blind-Study

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Neurons

Cell Body

Dendrites

Axon

Myelin

Axon Terminals

Synapse

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

The Hindbrain

Medulla

Pons

Cerebellum

The Midbrain

Reticular Activating System

The Forebrain

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Limbic System

Cerebrum

Cerebral Cortex

Corpus Callosum

Endocrine System

Hormones

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Adrenal Glands

Heredity

Genes

Chromosomes

Sensation

Perception

Absolute Threshold

Difference Threshold

Signal-Detection Theory

Sensory Adaptation

Pupil

Lens

Retina

Photoreceptors

Rods

Cones

Afterimage

Color Blindness

Pinna

Eardrum

Ossicles

Cochlea

Pitch

Loudness

Conductive Deafness

Sensorineural Deafness

Taste

Smell

Olfactory Nerve

Pressure

Temperature

Pain

Vestibular Sense

Kinesthesis

Closure

Figure-Ground

Proximity

Similarity

Continuity

Common Fate

Perception of Movement

Stroboscopic Motion

Monocular Cues

Binocular Cues

Retinal Disparity

Convergence

Perceptional Constancies

Consciousness

Selective Attention

Preconsciousness

Unconsciousness

Non-consciousness

Alter States of Consciousness

Circadian Rhythms

Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep

Insomnia

Night Terrors

Sleep Apnea

Narcolepsy

Meditation

Biofeedback

Hypnosis

Stimulus

Response

Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Unconditional Stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus

Unconditional Response

Conditioned Response

Taste Aversion

Extinction

Spontaneous Recovery

Generalization

Discrimination

Flooding

Systematic Desensitization

Counterconditioning

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement

Primary Reinforcers

Secondary Reinforcers

Postitive Reinforcers

Negative Reinforcers

Schedule of Reinforcement

Continuous Reinforcement

Partial Reinforcement

Latent Learning

Observational Learning

Memory

Episodic Memory

Flashbulb Memory

Semantic Memory

Explicit Memory

Implicit Memory

Encoding

Visual Codes

Acoustic Codes

Semantic Codes

Storage

Maintenance Rehearsal

Elaborative Rehearsal

Retrieval

Context-Dependent Memory

State-Dependent Memory

Sensory Memory

Iconic Memory

Eidetic Memory

Echoic Memory

Short-Term Memory

Primacy Effect

Recency Effect

Chunking

Interference

Long-Term Memory

Schemas

Symbols

Concepts

Prototypes

Algorithms

Heuristic

Difference Reduction

Means-end Analysis

Analogy

Incubation Effect

Mental Set

Functional Fixedness

Convergent Thinking

Divergent Thinking

ABCDEs of Problem Solving

Reasoning

Deductive Reasoning

Premise

Inductive Reasoning

Confirmation Bias

Balance Sheet

Representativeness Heuristic

Availability Heuristic

Anchoring Heuristic

Framing Effect

Phonemes

Morphemes

Syntax

Semantics

Overregularization

Achievement

Intelligence

Stanford-Binet Scale

Mental Age

Intelligence Quotient

Welscher Scales

Reliability

Test-retest Reliability

Validity

Mental Retardation

Mild Retardation

Moderate Retardation

Severe Retardation

Profound Retardation

Giftedness

Creativity

Kinship Study

Heritability

Adoptee Study

Developmental Psychology

Maturation

Critical Period

Reflex

Infancy

Childhood

Attachment

Stranger Anxiety

Separation Anxiety

Contact Comfort

Imprinting

Authoritative

Authoritarian

Assimilation

Accommodation

Object Permanence

Conservativism

Egocentrism

Adolescence

Cliques

Crowds

Identity Crisis

Identity Moratorium

Identity Foreclosure

Identity Diffusion

Identity Achievement

Hospice

Euthanasia

Living Wills

Motive

Needs

Drive

Instinct Theory

Drive-Reduction Theory

Homeostasis

Humanistic Theory

Self-Actualization

Sociocultural Theory

Stimulus Motives

Stimulus Depravation

Achievement Motivation

Performance Goals

Learning Goals

Extrinsic Goals

Intrinsic Goals

Cognitive Consistency

Cognitive-Dissonance Theory

Balance Theory

Imbalance

Nonbalance

Affiliation

Emotions

Personality

Traits

Introverts

Extroverts

The “Big Five”

Psychoanalytic Approach

Id

Ego

Superego

Repression

Rationalization

Displacement

Denial

Sublimation

Reaction Formation

Regression

Projection

Socialization

Self-Concept

Congruence

Acculturation

Stress

Eustress

Distress

Stressors

Self-Efficacy Expectations

Predictability

General Adaptation Syndrome

Muscle-Tension Headaches

Migraine Headaches

Psychological Disorders

Typicality

Maladaptivity

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

****NOTE THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE ANY UPCOMING TERMS

• Know the additions the following psychologists have made to psychology:

Plato

Aristotle

Hippocrates

Wilhelm Wundt

William James

James B. Watson

B.F. Skinner

Sigmund Freud

G.E. Moore

Ivan Pavlov

Albert Bandura

Charles Spearman

Howard Gardner

Robert Sternberg

Daniel Goleman

Jean Piaget

Lawrence Kohlberg

Abraham Maslow

Katherine Bridges

Carroll Izard

Gordon Allport

Hans Eysenk

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