Interactive Reader and Study Guide
Interactive Reader and Study Guide
Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston
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ISBN 0-03-092477-4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 082 10 09 08 07 06
Contents
CHAPTER 1 The Nature of Life Science
SECTION 1 Asking About Life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SECTION 2 Scientific Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 SECTION 3 Tools and Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 SECTION 4 Scientific Models and Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . 19 SECTION 5 Safety in Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
CHAPTER 2 It's Alive!! Or Is It?
SECTION 1 Characteristics of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 SECTION 2 The Necessities of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
CHAPTER 3 Light and Living Things
SECTION 1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SECTION 2 Interactions of Light with Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 SECTION 3 Refraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
CHAPTER 4 Cells: The Basic Units of Life
SECTION 1 The Characteristics of Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 SECTION 2 Eukaryotic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 SECTION 3 The Organization of Living Things . . . . . . . . . . 69
CHAPTER 5 The Cell in Action
SECTION 1 Cell Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 SECTION 2 The Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Reader and Study Guide
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Contents
CHAPTER 6 Heredity
SECTION 1 Mendel and His Peas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 SECTION 2 Traits and Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 SECTION 3 Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
CHAPTER 7 Genes and DNA
SECTION 1 What Does DNA Look Like? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 SECTION 2 How DNA Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
CHAPTER 8 Studying Earth's Past
SECTION 1 The Study of Earth's History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 SECTION 2 Relative Dating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 SECTION 3 Absolute Dating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
CHAPTER 9 The History of Life on Earth
SECTION 1 Looking at Fossils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 SECTION 2 Earth's Changing Continents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 SECTION 3 Time Marches On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
CHAPTER 10 The Evolution of Living Things
SECTION 1 Change Over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 SECTION 2 How Does Evolution Happen? . . . . . . . . . . . 150 SECTION 3 Natural Selection in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
CHAPTER 11 Classification
SECTION 1 Sorting It All Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 SECTION 2 Domains and Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Copyright ? by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Interactive Reader and Study Guide
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Contents
CHAPTER 12 Introduction to Plants
SECTION 1 What Is a Plant? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 SECTION 2 Seedless Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 SECTION 3 Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 SECTION 4 Structures of Seed Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
CHAPTER 13 Plant Processes
SECTION 1 Photosynthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 SECTION 2 Reproduction of Flowering Plants. . . . . . . . . . 198 SECTION 3 Plant Development and Responses. . . . . . . . 202
CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Animals
SECTION 1 What Is an Animal? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 SECTION 2 The Animal Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 SECTION 3 Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 SECTION 4 Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
CHAPTER 15 Body Organization and Structure
SECTION 1 Body Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 SECTION 2 The Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 SECTION 3 The Muscular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
CHAPTER 16 Circulation and Respiration
SECTION 1 The Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 SECTION 2 Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 SECTION 3 The Respiratory System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
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Contents
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