To Whom It May Concern,
ENG 2DI The Short Story: Elements of Fiction
Learning Goal: I know the elements of a short story!
Use the Internet to find the definitions of the following literary terms. You could complete them electronically (on this page), or write them out (for your notebooks/binders).
1. Plot
i) Exposition: the introduction of the short story, when characters and setting are introduced (Ms. McPherson).
ii) Conflict: struggle between opposing forces….person vs. person , person vs. nature, person vs. technology, person vs self
iii) Rising Action: a related series of incidents in a literary plot that build toward the point of greatest interest. Tension builds through conflict.
iv) Foreshadowing: The presentation of details, characters, or incidents in a narrative in such a way that later events are prepared for (hints of what is to come)
v) Climax: the highest or most (intense point) in the development or resolution of something; culmination . Conflict is at a peak.
vi) Falling Action/Resolution: the events after the climax when conflicts are resolved
2. Characterization
i) Protagonist: the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.
ii) Antagonist: A person that opposes or contends against another.
iii) Motivations: the things that compel a character to do things (love, anger, etc.)
iv) Epiphany: sudden realization of how things work; deeper meaning of life
3. Setting: where and when where the story takes place
4. Point of View
i) First person narration: WHEN A STORY IS BEING TOLD BY THE PERSON..OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT and uses the personal pronoun I
ii) Third person narration: the story is told from an outsider, someone not involved in the story
5. Theme: main idea or message about life that the story wants to convey; lesson eg. The Chrysalids taught us that we should accept people’s differences. Also, the title refers to “chrysalis” (the stage larvae pass through before becoming butterflies); therefore, an important theme is that we must ACCEPT CHANGE...that change is necessary to grow as humans. If we resist it, we will become obsolete.
6. Style:
i) Tone: the feeling or emotion evoked in a story
ii) Irony: Words that mean the opposite of what you really think Ex) Alanis Morissette’s Song
iii) Simile: a comparison using like or as eg. Nicole’s hair is as black as a raven’s wing. Ryan is as smart as Einstein.
iv) Imagery: the use of vivid/figurative language ; descriptive words that appeal to any of the 5 senses
v) Metaphor: A figure of speech where a word or phrase is applied to an object or action in a way that is not literal ; a comparison without using like or as. Karlee is the sun. Shelana is the moon.
vi) Personification: the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form; Translation: something inanimate that has human characteristics. For example, the wind howled.
viii) Paradox a statement that apparently contradicts itself but yet might be true. For example, “War is Peace”.
7. Symbolism: when something concrete represents an abstract idea; for example, the fly (for fishing) symbolized relationship between Casey and her father (Offerings); butterfly symbolizes love between sisters, boomerang symbolizes returning to each other.
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