Characteristics of an effective Teacher:



Characteristics of an effective Teacher:

• Have positive attitudes and behaviors.

• Characteristics: friendly, cheerful, fair, consistent, honest, interested and interesting.

• Understand the characteristics of the students they teach.

• Characteristics: Recognize the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social needs of kids.

• Carefully plan learning experiences.

• Characteristics: Think about what is going on and know reasons for using all activities.

• Establish a receptive classroom environment.

• Characteristics: Friendly, warm unbiased.

• Evaluate both teaching and learning

• Characteristics: Use alternative assessment with students; reflect and self-evaluate their own teaching.

• Are skilled in the use of a variety of discipline strategies.

• Characteristics: Fair, consistent, always make punishment fit the “crime.”

• Show respect for a student's ability to think and reason.

• Characteristics: Value students’ minds and expect students’ best.

Two kinds of Expectation Effects:

Pygmalion effect or Self-fulfilling prophecy: a groundless expectation that is confirmed because if has been expected.

Sustaining expectation effect: student performance maintained at a certain level because teachers don’t recognize improvements.

Sources of Expectation:

Intelligence test scores

Gender

Previous Teachers

Medical/Psychological reports

Ethnic background

Brothers/Sisters

Student’s attractiveness

Socioeconomic class

After school activities

Extra Curricular activities

Previous behaviors or performances

Do Teacher Expectations Really Effect Student Achievement?

Hard to say

Very hard to measure and set up an ethical study

Teachers do form beliefs about students

Depends on age (younger more at risk)

Low expectations can lead to inadequate teaching

So What Do We Do?

Use cumulative folder information carefully

Be flexible in grouping strategies

Make sure all students are challenged

Be careful how you respond to low achieving students

Use materials for a wide variety of ethnic groups

Be fair in discipline

Communicate that all students can learn

Involve all students in learning task and privileges

Monitor your nonverbal behavior

Don’t stereotype

What is Direct Instruction?

Direct instruction is a systematic instruction for mastery of basic skills, facts, and information.

Basic skills are clearly structured knowledge that is needed for later learning and that can be taught step by step.

In other words it refers to a rigorously developed, highly scripted method for teaching that is fast-paced and provides constant interaction between students and the teacher.

Features of Direct Instruction

Teacher’s classroom management is especially effective and the rate of student interruptive behavior is low.

Teacher maintains a strong academic focus and uses available instructional time intensively to initiate and facilitate students’ learning activities.

The teacher insures that as many students as possible achieve good learning progress by carefully choosing appropriate tasks

How can Teacher expectations affect student learning?

Two Kinds of expectation effects:

Pygmalion effect: Self fulfilling prophecy: Student’s behavior becomes to match that of the teachers expectations.

Sustaining Expectation Effect: Teachers don’t recognize improvement therefore sustaining student’s achievement at one level.

Expectations Teachers may have for Students…

Intelligence and IQ tests

Sex – many teachers expect higher behavior problems from boys and higher academics from girls – higher expect from attractive students

Notes/records from previous teachers

SES – expect less of lower class students

Extra Curricular activities – teachers expectations are higher of students who do more

Teacher/Student Interactions…

Quantity and quality of student/teacher interaction is important.

Teachers ask higher expectation students - harder questions, give more prompts, give benefit of doubt when almost right.

Lower expectation students – ask easier questions, less time for response, less prompts, less praise

Guidelines for avoiding these problems: Be flexible, be fair, challenge everyone, believe in all students…..Page 450

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