Classification of Human Languages
Classification of Human Languages
Why to classify languages?
- How many different languages exist?
- How old are the languages?
- Is there a common ancestor of all the languages?
- How do languages evolve?
Three main types of language classification:
1) Areal classification
a. Different languages spoken in the same area tend to present common characteristics (Why?).
b. Ex.: use of French words in English.
2) Typological classification
a. Common features of languages used in the classification.
i. Ex.: tonal languages such as Chinese and Vietnamese, versus flatten languages such as Japanese.
b. Are similar languages necessarily related?
3) Genetic classification
a. Languages share ancestors.
b. Ex.: Romance languages descend from Latin: Catalan, French, Italian, Portuguese, Rumanian, Spanish
c. Ex.: English ................
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