Characteristics of an effective Teacher:
Characteristics of an effective Teacher:
• Have positive attitudes and behaviors.
• Characteristics: friendly, cheerful, fair, consistent, honest, interested and interesting.
• Understand the characteristics of the students they teach.
• Characteristics: Recognize the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social needs of kids.
• Carefully plan learning experiences.
• Characteristics: Think about what is going on and know reasons for using all activities.
• Establish a receptive classroom environment.
• Characteristics: Friendly, warm unbiased.
• Evaluate both teaching and learning
• Characteristics: Use alternative assessment with students; reflect and self-evaluate their own teaching.
• Are skilled in the use of a variety of discipline strategies.
• Characteristics: Fair, consistent, always make punishment fit the “crime.”
• Show respect for a student's ability to think and reason.
• Characteristics: Value students’ minds and expect students’ best.
Two kinds of Expectation Effects:
Pygmalion effect or Self-fulfilling prophecy: a groundless expectation that is confirmed because if has been expected.
Sustaining expectation effect: student performance maintained at a certain level because teachers don’t recognize improvements.
Sources of Expectation:
Intelligence test scores
Gender
Previous Teachers
Medical/Psychological reports
Ethnic background
Brothers/Sisters
Student’s attractiveness
Socioeconomic class
After school activities
Extra Curricular activities
Previous behaviors or performances
Do Teacher Expectations Really Effect Student Achievement?
Hard to say
Very hard to measure and set up an ethical study
Teachers do form beliefs about students
Depends on age (younger more at risk)
Low expectations can lead to inadequate teaching
So What Do We Do?
Use cumulative folder information carefully
Be flexible in grouping strategies
Make sure all students are challenged
Be careful how you respond to low achieving students
Use materials for a wide variety of ethnic groups
Be fair in discipline
Communicate that all students can learn
Involve all students in learning task and privileges
Monitor your nonverbal behavior
Don’t stereotype
What is Direct Instruction?
Direct instruction is a systematic instruction for mastery of basic skills, facts, and information.
Basic skills are clearly structured knowledge that is needed for later learning and that can be taught step by step.
In other words it refers to a rigorously developed, highly scripted method for teaching that is fast-paced and provides constant interaction between students and the teacher.
Features of Direct Instruction
Teacher’s classroom management is especially effective and the rate of student interruptive behavior is low.
Teacher maintains a strong academic focus and uses available instructional time intensively to initiate and facilitate students’ learning activities.
The teacher insures that as many students as possible achieve good learning progress by carefully choosing appropriate tasks
How can Teacher expectations affect student learning?
Two Kinds of expectation effects:
Pygmalion effect: Self fulfilling prophecy: Student’s behavior becomes to match that of the teachers expectations.
Sustaining Expectation Effect: Teachers don’t recognize improvement therefore sustaining student’s achievement at one level.
Expectations Teachers may have for Students…
Intelligence and IQ tests
Sex – many teachers expect higher behavior problems from boys and higher academics from girls – higher expect from attractive students
Notes/records from previous teachers
SES – expect less of lower class students
Extra Curricular activities – teachers expectations are higher of students who do more
Teacher/Student Interactions…
Quantity and quality of student/teacher interaction is important.
Teachers ask higher expectation students - harder questions, give more prompts, give benefit of doubt when almost right.
Lower expectation students – ask easier questions, less time for response, less prompts, less praise
Guidelines for avoiding these problems: Be flexible, be fair, challenge everyone, believe in all students…..Page 450
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