Spring Semester Exam Review
Spring Semester Exam Review Answers
Texas History
The Republic of Texas
Key Terms/People: annexation, Sam Houston, Lamar, Washington-on-the-Brazos, Anson Jones
-What was the main cash crop in Texas? cotton
-What caused people to move to Texas? Availability of cheap land
-Where did they move from? Mainly from the Southern United States
-What were the reasons that Americans did not want to Annex Texas at first? Texas was heavy in debt and the U.S. wanted to avoid conflict with Mexico
-What problems did Sam Houston face as President of Texas? Debt, trouble with Mexico, relations with American Indians
-Why did Houston try to cut government spending? To lower Texas’ debt
Statehood 1845-1861
Key terms/People: cession, manifest destiny, popular sovereignty, veto, judiciary,
James Pickney Henderson, James K. Polk
- In the southern border dispute of Texas, what did Mexico say was the border was? Nueces River
- What did the United States say the southern border of Texas was? Rio Grande
- What was the Compromise of 1850? Texas was given 10 million dollars in exchange for a large amount of land, this finalizied its western border.
- What year did Texas become a state? 1845
-What was Manifest Destiny? Who was the President of the U.S. at the time? This was the belief that it was the right and duty of the United States to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. The President at the time was James K. Polk.
- Who did Texas model the state constitution after? What was similar? What was different? Modeled after the United States Constitution. Most of the constitutions were similar, except the length of the term of office of the executive officer
- What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? Ended the Mexican – American War, set the southern border of Texas (United States) as the Rio Grande
-How did the War with Mexico start and how did it end? The war started when Mexico attacked US troops stationed in Brownsville. The War ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo after the US took control of Mexico City.
-What led Germans to immigrate to Texas and why did they want to establish colonies in Texas?
Germans moved to Texas because of cheap land in which to farm.
-What hardships did Henri Castro’s colonists face in Texas?
Indian raids, disease and drought
-What other people from other countries came to Texas? What reasons brought them Texas?
Poland, Sweden, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Mexico
Most immigrants came for cheap land; some came to escape revolutions in their countries, others due to their country being over crowded.
The Civil War and Reconstruction 1861-1876
Key terms/People: secede, reconstruction, Abraham Lincoln, Eli Whitney, abolitionist, slavery, sates’ rights, blockade
- What did the cotton gin do? Separated cotton seeds from the cotton efficiently and quickly
- What was the economy of Texas like during Reconstruction? Very poor, mainly people were family farmers, tenant farmers, and sharecroppers
-What were the 4 causes of the Civil War? State’s Rights, Sectionalist, Slavery, Protective tariffs
- What were some of disadvantages the south had during the war and what were some of the advantages of North during the war? Less men of fighting age, less factories, less railroads
-Who assassinated Abraham Lincoln? John Wilkes Booth
Closing the Frontier 1866-1888
Key terms/People: treaty, quarantine, vaqueros, Joseph Glidden, Buffalo Soldiers, Quanah Parker, Santanta. Lone Wolf, Cynthia Ann Parker
- Why did ranchers brand cattle? To show ownership of cattle
- What ended cattle drives? Railroads and Barbed wire fences
- How did the Civil War change the cattle industry in Texas? Made demand for beef higher and raised the price of cattle – causing cattle drives.
- Be able to identify the cattle trails located on page 305: Chisholm, Western and Goodnight-Loving
-What were two methods that the U.S. government used to force Native Americans onto the reservations? The U.S attacked Indian villages and destroyed the buffalo.
-Why did the defense along the frontier weaken during the Civil War? Texas Rangers went off to fight for the Confederacy.
Farming and Ranching in the late 1800’s
Key terms/People: irrigation, commercial agriculture, cottonseed oil, tenant farmer, open range, cycle of debt
- What was the “Big Die-Up”? And what effect did it have on ranching? A harsh blizzard and very cold winter caused many cattle and cowboys to die. It caused an end to Open Range ranching and began Modern Ranching practices.
- How did the railroads affect farming and ranching in Texas? Made it easier to get goods to market
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- What is the main cash crop in Texas? cotton
-What is the 2nd highest cash crop in Texas? corn
-Explain the fence cutting wars. Ranchers that owned land set up fences to kkep others off their property. Not all ranchers owned land, so they would cut fences to allow their cattle to get to watering holes. This caused fighting between the groups
-What did the Texas Legislation do to end the Fence Cutting Wars? They made it a felony to cut fences.
Modern Texas Emerges 1900-1929
Key terms/People: surplus, petroleum, wildcatter, roughneck, barrier island
Galveston Hurricane of 1900:
- How many people died? Between 6,000 and 10,000
- When day did the storm hit Galveston? September 8th, 1900
- How much damage was done in terms of money? 30 million dollars then, About 700 million dollars (today’s currency)
- What 2 things did Galveston do after the storm to prevent this from happening again? Raised the level of the city and built the seawall
Spindletop:
- When, where and what happened? January 10th 1901, Near Beaumont (Spindletop Hill), an oil gusher produced 100,000 barrels of oil a day
- What invention created a high demand for oil? Automobiles (Cars)
Texas Government
Key terms/People: bicameral, amendment
- What are the three branches of government? What power does each one have? Judicial – Interprets Laws, Executive – carries out the laws, and Legislative – makes the laws.
- Who is the head of the House of Representatives? Speaker of the House The Senate? Lieutenant Governor
- Who is the head of the commissioner’s court? County Judge
- What are the Bill of Rights? The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. What do they protect? It protects our individual rights as American Citizens.
-Compare and contrast criminal cases to civil cases. Criminal Cases – deals with people breaking the law, Civil Cases – deal with disputes between 2 or more people or groups.
Be able to read and gain information from the following:
- Charts, graphs and tables
- Timelines
- Maps
- Historical documents
- Primary and Secondary Sources
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