The Human Body: An Orientation
Unit 1 Notes: Foundations of Human A&P
You are responsible for all of the information in these notes for the length of this course. You may or may not be quizzed/tested over this information during this unit but will still be held responsible for this information during all subsequent units.
Introduction to the 3 overarching concepts of A&P:
1 ______________________________________________________
2 ______________________________________________________
3 ______________________________________________________
Overview of A&P
1 Anatomy: study of ___________________________
2 Physiology: study of _________________________
Complementarity of Structure & Function
1 Can be stated as______________ determines _______________
Hierarchy of Structural Organization – Recognize the 6 main levels of structural complexity/organization & identify sublevels.
1 Example:
1 Chemical/Molecule: actin protein
2 Cell organelle: myofilament
3 Cell: myofiber
4 Tissue: skeletal muscle tissue
5 Organ: bicep femoris muscle
6 Organ system: muscular system
System/Function/Organs Overview
Use the flashcard template to study each of the body systems.
Homeostasis
1 Can be defined as the maintenance of a stable ________________ environment which remains within certain physiological limits (or a dynamic state of __________________________________________)
2 For the body cells to survive, the composition of surrounding body fluids must be precisely maintained.
1. ____________________ fluid (ICF) is fluid within the cells
2. ___________________ fluid (ECF) is fluid outside body cells
a) ECF filling the spaces in between cells is called _________________________________________
b) ECF in blood vessels is called ___________________.
c) ECF that is filtered through the lymphatic vessels is called ____________________.
3 We have two main systems that help our other systems to maintain homeostasis by regulating a physiological set point:
1 Nervous system:
a. _______________________________ response
b. _______________________________duration
c. Uses ___________________________________________
2 Endocrine system
a. _______________________________ response
b. _______________________________duration
c. Uses ___________________________________________
D. Disease/Disorders = a disruption in _______________________
1. Local disease
2. Systemic disease
3. Signs
4. Symptoms
Biofeedback mechanisms
Know the main parts of a control mechanism
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Types of Biofeedback Mechanisms/Systems: Be able to explain in general how each system regulates homeostasis. Sketch & label the examples provided.
1 Negative feedback system
1 Define
2 Body examples
2 Positive feedback system
1 Define
2 Body examples
Language of Anatomy:
1 Describe the anatomical position and why it is important to understand what the anatomical position is.
2 Construct a table of directional terms with descriptions & examples and be able to use the terms correctly without a word bank.
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Body Planes & Sections (sketch)
a. Sagittal
i. Midsagittal
ii. Parasagittal
b. Frontal/coronal
c. Transverse
d. Oblique
Memorize and be able to use the anterior & posterior body landmarks
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E. Body cavities - also know major organs contained in each
1 Dorsal
1 Cranial = ________________________
2 Vertebral = ______________________
2 Ventral
1 Thoracic
i. rt. & left pleural = ___________________________
ii. Mediastinum = _____________________________
iii. Pericardial - within mediastinum = ______________
5 Abdominopelvic
1 Abdominal = - Most vulnerable to injury (no bony cage for protection); ____________________ ___________________________________________
2 Pelvic __________________________________
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F. Serous membranes (serosa) - main name & 2 divisions
1. Parietal - _________________________________
2. Visceral - ________________________________
3. Serous fluid – ______________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Naming membranes
a. Pleurae - ______________________________________
b. Pericardium - __________________________________
c. Peritoneum – __________________________________
Practice Naming of
Serous Membranes
G. Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants - know names & what organs are in which cavities and quadrants
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Complete the Table of directional terms:
|Term |Description |Example sentence |
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