Biology Chapter 2 Study Guide - Dr. Steve W. Altstiel



Biology Chapter 2 Study Guide

“Chemistry of Life”

Dr. Steve W. Altstiel

Room 107

Naples American High School

The following questions are designed to help prepare you for the Chapter 2 Exam. Answers to these questions can be found within your notes and/or the Biology Textbook.

1. Define an atom.

2. Why do atoms react?

3. Bonds that are formed by the bonding of oppositely charged ions are called _________________.

4. What determines the stability of an atom?

5. What is the difference between a compound and a molecule?

6. What property does carbon possess that enables it form very large organic compounds?

7. Define an organic compound.

8. What is a monosaccharide? Give an example.

9. Large molecules formed by the linking of amino acids define ______________________.

10. Long chains of nucleotides forms __________________.

11. List the three parts that make up a nucleotide.

12. ________________ is a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups.

13. Define the biological definition of energy.

14. What happens during a chemical reaction?

15. What is activation energy?

16. What is the purpose of the active site on an enzyme?

17. What is the substrate?

18. How can one make a chemical reaction occur faster?

19. List the steps of enzyme action.

20. What does a catalyst do?

21. What happens to energy in a chemical reaction?

22. What is the difference between a reactant and a product?

23. Balance the following chemical equations:

a. H2 + O2 ( H2O

b. H2 + N2 ( NH3

c. Al2O3 ( KCl + O2

d. Al2(SO4)3 + Ca(OH)2 ( Al(OH)3 + CaSO4

24. Define the make-up of deoxyribonucleic acid.

25. Define the make-up of ribonucleic acid.

26. What are amino acids?

27. How many different amino acids are there?

28. Nonpolar molecules that are mostly insoluble in water, such as fats, steroids, and waxes define ___________.

29. Define disaccharide. Give an example.

30. Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen defines __________________.

31. In regards to question # 30, what is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen?

32. List the four principle classes of organic compounds.

33. What is organic chemistry?

34. A weak chemical attraction between polar molecules defines a(n) ___________________.

35. What is an element?

36. Define atomic number.

37. Define atomic mass.

38. What is an isotope?

39. List the subatomic particles that make up an atom.

40. Which electrons have less energy in an atom?

41. List the three allotropes of carbon that are found in nature.

42. What is the function of carbohydrates?

43. Define polysaccharide. Give two examples.

44. List the names of the four possible nitrogenous bases located in the nucleotides of DNA.

45. Define metabolism.

46. If energy is released in a chemical reaction, what caused it?

47. If energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction, what happened?

48. Which polysaccharide can humans not digest?

49. How many carbon compounds are known?

50. How many valence electrons do the following atoms contain?

a. Chlorine

b. Rubidium

c. Gallium

d. Radium

e. Krypton

f. Polonium

g. Germanium

h. Antimony

i. Helium

j. Hydrogen

51. Distinguish between an acid and a base.

52. Define a solution.

53. What type of things dissolves well in water?

54. How much of your body is made up of water?

55. How does water help maintain homeostasis?

56. Distinguish between adhesion and cohesion.

57. The ease in which an atom will form chemical bonds defines _________.

58. What is the pH scale based on?

59. Where are the following located on a pH scale?

a. Acids.

b. Bases.

c. Pure water.

60. Why is water important in a cell?

61. Define the Law of Conservation of Mass.

62. Write the electron configurations for the following atoms:

a. Potassium

b. Bismuth

c. Iodine

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