Chapter 3 Questions



Chapter 3 Questions3.1.1 Routes of Exposures to Hazards1.What factor does not play a significant role in the extent of harm upon exposure to a chemical?a)Dose.b)Length of exposure.c)State (gas, liquid, solid).d)Path of exposure.2.What is the most effective method for avoiding exposure by ingestion?a)Taste only chemicals that your instructor gives you permission to taste.b)Taste only chemicals that you know are non-toxic.c)Never eat or drink anything while in a chemistry lab.d)Only eat food in a lab when you know that it cannot be contaminated with a toxic chemical.3.In order to avoid exposure to your eyes in a chemistry lab you should wear eye protectiona)when working with corrosive chemicals.b)only when your instructor specifically requires it.c)when there are other students working nearby who might do something stupid d)all of the time.4.Volatile chemic+als are substances thata)are very reactive.b)have a vapor pressure of at least 100 mm Hg. c)are liquids that vaporize readily at normal pressure and temperature.d)are gases at normal pressure and temperature.5.The best way to avoid inhalation of volatile chemicals while working with them is to a)work in a chemical hood when using them.b)avoid breathing the vapors by holding beakers and flasks at arm’s length.c)wear a common dust mask.d)always keep beakers, flasks and bottles of the chemical capped or covered.6.Which definition is not correct?a)Mists are tiny droplets of liquid suspended in the air. b)Fumes are small solid particles that are formed when solid is vaporized.c)Dusts are solid particles suspended in air.d)A heterogeneous mixture in air is one where the contaminant is a colloid.7.Smoke a)is a mixture of aerosol particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based materialsb)contains many toxic, small-molecule compoundsc)is a colloidd)all of the above8.It is generally true that a)almost all chemicals have an odor threshold below their toxic threshold.b)almost all chemicals have an odor threshold above their toxic threshold.c)whenever you can smell a chemical you are being exposed to it.d)None of the above.9.Most adverse occupational exposures to chemical are througha)inhalation.b)dermal exposure.c)ingestion.d)the eyes.10.The best way(s) to avoid chemical contact with the skin is to weara)clothes that protect most of your body.b)a lab coat.c)shoes that cover your feet.d)All of the above.11.Gloves worn in labsa)are generally resistant to almost all chemicals.b)usually protect against only a limited range of chemicals.c)generally protect against most chemicals, but only for a short period of time.d)need to be selected carefully to protect against the particular chemicals you are using.12.Having a chemical “injected” through your skin a)is fairly unlikely in labs because chemists use needles and syringes only rarely.b)is possible if there is an explosion that produces sharp glass that is contaminated.c)is not likely to produce a toxic dose.d)All of the above.3.1.2 Learning the Language of Safety: Signs, Symbols, and Labels 1.For every chemical there is a uniquea)chemical formulab)molar massc)safety warningd)CAS number2.Most chemicals a)are not very hazardousb)have only one hazardous propertyc)have multiple hazards, but only the most hazardous property is on the label.d)have multiple hazards, with all of them listed on the label.3.Table 3.1.2.1 lists how many terms that describe hazards of chemicals?a)5-9b)10-14c)15-19d)20-244.What term describes a chemical that causes cancer in humans or animals?a)Carcinogenb)Embryotoxinc)Lacrimatord)Teratogen5.What term describes a chemical that causes physical defects in a developing fetus or embryo?a)Carcinogenb)Embryotoxinc)Lacrimatord)Teratogen6.What term describes a chemical that causes causes tears upon exposure?a)Pyrophoricb)Embryotoxinc)Lacrimatord)Mutagen7.What term describes a chemical that is stored at extremely low temperaturesa)Pyrophoricb)Cryogenc)Lacrimatord)Compressed gas8.Which statement is true with regard to the NFPA Fire Diamond?a)The blue diamond at the 9 o’clock position refers to special hazards.b)The white diamond at the 6 o’clock position refers to reactivity hazard.c)The red diamond at the 12 o’clock position refers to flammability.d)The yellow diamond at the 3 o’clock position refers to health hazard.9.The hazards ratings in the NFPA Fire Diamond a)describe how a chemical behaves in a fire, which is almost identical to how it behaves under “lab” conditions.b)describe how a chemical behaves in a fire, which is not always the same as how it behaves under “lab” conditions.c)was designed for firefighters and is of almost no practical use for chemists.d)refer to categories of chemicals, not individual chemicals.3.1.2Exercises [Dave, we can delete these unless you want to use them.]Consider the pairs of chemicals and their hazard descriptors and determine which of each pair poses the greater hazard:methyl ethyl ketone , Highly Flammable or dimethylformamide, Combustiblephenol, Toxic or sodium cyanide, Poisondichloromethane, Irritant or diazomethane, Sensitizerethyl mercaptan, Stench or capsaicin, LachrymatorMinimata disease, Teratogen; Gggg, Mutagenzinc powder, Pyrophoric or tetrahydrofuran, Peroxide formerThe following chemicals are known to possess several hazardous properties. Judging from the label information, identify the principal hazard(s) of each material.ethylene oxide: Highly Flammable, Carcinogen, Irritantfluorine: Highly Reactive; Oxidizing Agent; Irritant; Corrosiveosmium tetroxide: Highly Toxic; Irritant; phosgene: Highly Toxic; Corrosivesodium hydride: Corrosive; Highly Reactivesulfuric acid: Highly Corrosive; Reactive; Oxidizing Agentacetaldehyde: Highly Flammable; Irritant; Mutagenbenzene: Highly Flammable; Carcinogen3.1.3 Finding Hazard Information – Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS)1.What fraction of the known chemicals have been test for toxicity?a)Almost none.b)A tiny fraction.c)About 25%d)About 65%2.What fraction of the chemicals that you will use in undergraduate chemistry labs will have some safety information associated with them?a)Almost none.b)A tiny fraction.c)About half.d)Most of them.3.An MSDS is a document thata)is required to be provided with a chemical when purchased from a chemical supply company.b)has a wide range of safety information is a mostly-standardized format.c)is not legally required to be accurate.d)All of the above4.MSDSs are commonly used by chemists because a)they are easily accessible.b)they represent the most reliable information about chemicals.c)they contain safety information in “common language” that chemists with no safety training can understand.d)all chemists have had training on how to read MSDSs. 5.When using an MSDS, the most important first step is to make sure that the MSDS a)is in the “standard format.”b)refers to the chemical you are using.c)has been approved by OSHA.d)All of the above.6.Hazard information about a particular chemical that is listed on MSDSs from various sourcesa)will always be identical, using standardized language.b)may vary.c)may be listed in different orders, but will always be identical.d)is rarely consistent.7.Safety information on MSDSs is usuallya)specific enough to be of use to chemists.b)written mostly for “industrial” or manufacturing situations more than for chemists in research labs.c)written mostly for chemists in research labs more than for “industrial” or manufacturing situations.d)written to be useful for chemists, emergency responders, and physicians.3.2.1 The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classifying and Labeling Chemicals 1.The GHS a)is a system for classifying and labeling hazardous chemicals so that all countries classify and label chemicals in the same way.b)was adopted by the United Nations in 2003 after initially being designed in 1992c)allows participating countries to sell and buy chemicals across their borders with confidence that the hazardous chemicals are identified and labeled in the same wayd)All of the above.2.GHS labels will usea)chemical pictograms only since language barriers prevent the use of wordsb) “signal words” that will be a understood regardless of what language is usedc)chemical pictograms and signal wordsd)chemical pictograms, signal words, and hazard statements3.The GHS of categorizing chemicals issimple and uses consistent rating systems for various hazardssimple, but uses consistent rating systems for various hazardsc)complicated, but uses consistent rating systems for various hazardsd)complicated, and uses inconsistent rating systems for various hazards4.What are the main categories of hazards used in the GHS?a)Physical and healthb)Human and environmentalc)Physical, human and environmentald)Physical, health, and environmental5.The rating systems used by the NFPA and the GHS for flammable liquids and solids area)identicalb)very similarc)the “reverse” of each otherd)similar, except the NFPA uses Arabic numbers and the GHS uses Roman numerals6.The original and the now-expected adoption dates for the GHS area)2003 and 2008b)2003 and 2015c)2008 and 2015d)2008 and uncertain7.What United States agencies are involved in the implementation of the GHS?a)EPA, DOT, OSHAb)EPA, DOT, CPSCc)EPA, OSHA, CPSCd)EPA, DOT, OSHA CPSC8.The GHS will usea)MSDS-like documents onlyb)Labels c)29 pictograms that can be understood internationallyd)All of the above3.2.2 Information Resources About Laboratory Hazards and Safety1.The most reliable information about the hazards of a particular chemical can be founda)in Wikipediab)using Googlec)in the MSDSd)in other printed or on-line materials that have been reviewed.2.Which printed resources are also available on-line (for free)?Prudent PracticesSafety in Academic Chemistry LaboratoriesBretherick’s Handbookof Reactive Chemicals HazardsNIOSH Pocket Guide to ChemicalsNFPA Standardsa)I, III and IVb)II, IV and Vc)II, III and Vd)I, II, IV and V3. “Chemical Profiles” are found in the following resources:I. Prudent PracticesII Safety in Academic Chemistry LaboratoriesIII NIOSH Pocket Guide to ChemicalsIV Journal of Chemical EducationV NFPA Standards a) I, II, III, V b) II, III, IV, V c) I, III, IV d) All of the aboveSeems hard to write more good multiple-choice questions for this, but it may be possible to write many good questions that have students go the on-line resources to search for information. This was also my thought as I reviewed and revised the section from the reviewer.3.2.3 Interpreting MSDS Information1.MSDSs are required by a)the OSHA Lab Standard.b)the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.c)the OSHA General Duty Clause.d)the EPA.2.It is estimated that about what percent of MSDSs has incorrect information in them?a)less than 2%b)11%c)37%d)at least 61%3.MSDS recommendations about safety procedures, medical treatment and chemical disposal areusually specific and accurate.designed more for industrial workplace circumstances more than research labs.sometimes so broad in nature as to be of little use.regularly updated.a)I and IVb)I, II and IVc)II, III, and IVd)II and III4.What are the contributing sources for MSDSs?ScientistsPhysiciansLawyersComputer programsa)I and IIb)I and IIIc)I, II, and IIId)I, II, III, and IV.5.What information is usually in Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification?Principal name of the chemicalCAS numberSynonyms and other names for the chemicalCompany name and emergency contact numbera)I and IIb)I and IIIc)I, II, and IIId)I, II, III, and IV.6.What information is not in the Section 3: Hazards Identification?a)Environmental hazardsb)Potential health effects on humansc)Physical hazards such as flammability and reactivityd)Route of exposure information7.The information in the Section 4 on First Aid Measures is mostlya)useful only to paramedicsb)useful only to physiciansc)useful only to paramedics and physiciansd)useful for both medically trained and non-trained persons8.Section 7 on Handling and Storage is mostly written fora)chemistry students in academic labsb)laboratory instructorsc)lab managers and stockroom personneld)truck drivers who deliver chemicals 9.Section 8 on Exposure Controls and Personal Protective Equipmentis written more for industrial situations than for research labsoften contains very general information about PPE that is of limited usecontain exposure limits informationa)I and IIb)I and IIIc)II and IIId)I, II and III10.Section 10 on Stability and Reactivity contains information useful toa)chemists in research labsb)emergency respondersc)chemistry studentsd)all of the above.11Section 11 on Toxicological Information may have inaccurate information becausea)we simply don’t know much about the toxicity of most chemicals.b)it is usually generated from computer searches that are notoriously unreliable.c)many errors are made in the animal testing that leads to these datad)this information is more subject to being updated compared to most MSDS information12.Section 13 on Disposal Considerations is usually a)accurate and specific with regard to federal, but not state and local, laws and regulations.b)accurate and specific with regard to federal, state and local laws and regulations.c)accurate and specific with regard to federal and state, but not local, laws and regulations.d)not very specific.3.3.1 Chemical Hygiene Plans1.Chemical Hygiene Plans are required by a)the OSHA Lab Standard.b)the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.c)the OSHA General Duty Clause.d)the EPA.2.Legally, what group of people are not bound by the Chemical Hygiene Plan?a)Students who not employees.b)Researchers in chemistry labs.c)Researchers who have an BA/BS, MS or PhD in chemistry.d)Faculty who have federal grant money.3.The CHP is a “performance standard” which means that a)OSHA specifies how to prevent exposure to chemicals in labs.b)OSHA does not specify how to prevent exposure to chemicals in labsc)OSHA does requires that employers establish the methods by which employees meet certain requirements to limit exposures.d)both B and C.4.What is not necessarily part of a CHP?a)Standard Operating Procedures Involving Use of Hazardous Chemicalsb)The CHO duties.c)Medical Consultation and Examinationsd)Designation of Chemical Hygiene Officers5.Which is generally not a duty of a CHO?a)Developing the CHP and appropriate measures for handling chemicalsb)Lab inspectionsc)Understanding legal requirements for labs.d)Assisting lab personnel in conducting particularly dangerous experiments. ................
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