FATS AND OTHER LIPIDS
FATS AND OTHER LIPIDS
Function: Energy and Structure
Structure: C, O, H (no ratio)
All lipids are hydrophobic and classified into:
1) Fats and Oils
Composed of two main parts: an alcohol, called glycerol, and
3 fatty acid molecules.
The glycerol and the fatty acids are joined by ester linkages
A) Saturated Fatty Acids (solid at room temperatures (fats))
Every chemical bond of the carbons in the chain holds a
hydrogen.
B) Unsaturated Fatty Acids
(liquid at room temperatures (oils))
Not every chemical bond of the carbons in the chain holds
a hydrogen. Double bonds are present between some
carbon atoms.
2) Phospholipids
They are fat derivatives and an important component in cell
membranes.
Composed of two parts:
I) “head” made of one
glycerol molecule,
one phosphate group,
and one hydrophilic
group
ii) two “tails”, made of two
fatty acid chains.
Phospholipids are amphipathic. They form bubbles (micelles) or layers (membranes) when in contact with water.
3) Sterols
Composed of a flat ring structure.
Cholesterol is the most common one, found abundantly in
cell membranes, where it makes the membranes tougher
and less permeable.
Other steroids are synthesized from cholesterol;
e.g. testosterone, estrogen, progesterone
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