Harmful Chemicals:
Harmful Chemicals:
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Your body uses many different kinds of chemicals; however some chemicals can harm your health.
Cancer
• Cancer is a group of diseases caused by abnormal cell growth and reproduction.
• Different kinds of cancer can affect specific organs.
• All forms of cancer involve the uncontrolled growth of body cells.
• Organisms grow as a result of cell division, which is usually controlled.
• Cancer affects cell division and causes uncontrolled cell division that forms abnormal cells or unusually large numbers of cells.
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• Cells joining together in a large mass are known as a tumor.
• Some cancers are caused by exposure to certain chemicals.
• A chemical that causes cancer is called a carcinogen.
• For example, lung cancer is often caused by carcinogens in tobacco products.
Birth Defects
• Some chemicals can cause birth defects.
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the baby’s chances of being premature, having a low birth weight, being stillborn, and having birth defects.
• A woman who drinks alcohol during pregnancy may have a baby with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
• This may result in brain damage creating learning disabilities and/or behavioral problems.
• Not drinking alcohol while pregnant eliminates the risk of FAS.
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*A birth defect affects about 1 in every 33 babies born in the U.S. Some are minor and nearly noticeable. Others can be serious or even fatal.
Heart Disease
• Heart disease is the leading cause of deaths in the U.S.
• Heart disease occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart are narrowed or blocked.
• Nicotine in tobacco is one product that causes arteries to narrow.
• Cholesterol, a fatty acid, is a chemical that can cause heart disease.
• It can build up and block the arteries restricting the blood’s flow and resulting in a heart attack.
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Kidney Disease
• The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system that filter waste products from the blood.
• Some chemicals can harm the kidneys and cause kidney disease.
• Exposure to chemicals can create waste build up, known as kidney stones.
• Kidney stones block the ureters, which connect each kidney to the bladder, blocking the flow of urine.
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Asthma
• Harmful chemicals can also cause asthma, which causes a person to breath with difficulty.
• The passages (bronchi) that lead from the throat to the lungs swell and become inflamed.
• Inhaling harmful chemicals, such as cleaning products, can cause an asthma attack.
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Review Questions:
1. Describe cancer and the general term for a cancer-causing chemical.
- Cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth and division. A carcinogen is a chemical that causes cancer.
2. List two things a pregnant mother could do to prevent her unborn baby from having birth defects.
- Don’t smoke or drink alcohol.
3. List two things a person could do to prevent heart disease.
- Don’t smoke, eat a low cholesterol (low fat) diet.
4. Describe what an excessive exposure to chemicals can do to the urinary system.
- Create a build up in wastes resulting in kidney stones which block the flow of urine.
5. What is asthma?
- Air passages swell and become inflamed, making it difficult to breath.
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