Pearson Queensland Chemistry 11 Skills and Assessment Book

PEARSON

CHEMISTRY

QUEENSLAND

SKILLS AND ASSESSMENT

UNITS 1 & 2

Sample pages

Elissa Huddart

QCE 2019 SYLLABUS

Pearson Chemistry 11 QLD Skills and Assessment book

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK SERIES OVERVIEW CHEMISTRY TOOLKIT

v WORKSHEET 1.2.3

The inside story on metals--

metallic bonding model

45

viii

WORKSHEET 1.2.4

The inside story on salts--

ix

ionic bonding model

46

UNIT 1: CHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS-- STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS

TOPIC 1 PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF ATOMS

WORKSHEET 1.2.5 WORKSHEET 1.2.6 WORKSHEET 1.2.7

Comparing structures--metallic, ionic and covalent bonding models 47

Literacy review--naming

compounds

48

Thinking about my learning

49

KEY KNOWLEDGE WORKSHEETS

s WORKSHEET 1.1.1 e WORKSHEET 1.1.2 g WORKSHEET 1.1.3 a WORKSHEET 1.1.4 p WORKSHEET 1.1.5 le WORKSHEET 1.1.6

WORKSHEET 1.1.7

p WORKSHEET 1.1.8 m WORKSHEET 1.1.9

Knowledge preview--thinking about matter

Shells, subshells and orbitals-- electron configuration

Tracking trends--patterns in properties in the periodic table

The inside story on salts-- formation of ions and writing ionic formulas

Water, methane and oxygen gas--making molecules

How big is that atom?-- mass spectrometry

Using light for analysis--atomic absorption spectroscopy

Literacy review--comparing similar terms

Thinking about my learning

a PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

S ACTIVITY 1.1.1

Flame colours of selected

3 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1.2.1

Separation techniques--

purification of polluted water

50

ACTIVITY 1.2.2 12

Comparing physical properties

of three covalent networks

54

ACTIVITY 1.2.3

Investigating hydrocarbons

58

13

TOPIC REVIEW 1.2

62

15

TOPIC 3 CHEMICAL REACTIONS--REACTANTS, PRODUCTS AND

ENERGY CHANGE 16

KEY KNOWLEDGE

65

17

WORKSHEETS

18

WORKSHEET 1.3.1

19

WORKSHEET 1.3.2

20

WORKSHEET 1.3.3

21

WORKSHEET 1.3.4

WORKSHEET 1.3.5

Knowledge preview--thinking

about materials

72

Combustion of fuels--

thermochemical equations

and specific heat capacity

73

Pizza power--calorimetry

75

Breaking and forming bonds--

quantifying enthalpy change

77

Hess's law--calculating enthalpy

changes step by step

79

metals

23

WORKSHEET 1.3.6

Motor fuels--today and tomorrow 81

ACTIVITY 1.1.2

Simulating Rutherford's

gold foil experiment

27

WORKSHEET 1.3.7

Marvellous moles--the chemist's

unit of measurement

82

ACTIVITY 1.1.3

Investigating periodic trends,

patterns and relationships--

WORKSHEET 1.3.8

Stoichiometry 1--mass?mass

data analysis

30

calculations

83

WORKSHEET 1.3.9

Composition of compounds--

TOPIC REVIEW 1.1

34

empirical and molecular

formulas

84

TOPIC 2 PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS

WORKSHEET 1.3.10 Literacy review--comparing

key terms

85

KEY KNOWLEDGE

37 WORKSHEET 1.3.11 Thinking about my learning

86

WORKSHEETS WORKSHEET 1.2.1

WORKSHEET 1.2.2

Knowledge preview-- thinking about atoms

Particles and properties-- thinking about matter

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1.3.1 43

ACTIVITY 1.3.2 44

Exothermic and endothermic

reactions

88

Products of a decomposition

reaction

92

MANDATORY PRACTICALS

PRACTICAL 1

Derive the empirical formula of a

compound from reactions

involving mass changes

95

PRACTICAL 2

Using a calorimeter--measuring

the energy change during

chemical reactions

99

TOPIC 2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND ACIDITY

KEY KNOWLEDGE

WORKSHEETS

WORKSHEET 2.2.1

Knowledge preview--identifying and naming types of substance, balancing chemical equations

TOPIC REVIEW 1.3

103 WORKSHEET 2.2.2

Wonderful water--structure and properties

SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASK IA1: DATA TEST

WORKSHEET 2.2.3 105

Molarity--measuring moles in solution

SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASK IA3: RESEARCH

WORKSHEET 2.2.4

Solving solubility--predicting

INVESTIGATION

111

precipitation reactions

UNIT 2: MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

s AND REACTIONS

TOPIC 1 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND GASES

e KEY KNOWLEDGE

118

g WORKSHEETS

WORKSHEET 2.1.1

pa WORKSHEET 2.1.2

WORKSHEET 2.1.3

le WORKSHEET 2.1.4 p WORKSHEET 2.1.5 m WORKSHEET 2.1.6

Knowledge preview--maintaining

balance: chemical formulas and

equations

124

The inside story on molecules-- covalent molecular compounds 125

Particles on the move--

chromatography

127

Stoichiometry 2--mass?

volume calculations

129

Literacy review--key terms

and definitions

130

Thinking about my learning

131

a PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 2.1.1

Chromatography of a

S vegetable extract

133

WORKSHEET 2.2.5 WORKSHEET 2.2.6 WORKSHEET 2.2.7 WORKSHEET 2.2.8

Concentration and strength-- picturing acids and bases

Reactions of acids-- predicting products

Literacy review--full and ionic chemical equations

Thinking about my learning

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 2.2.1

Determination of solubility of

a salt in water

ACTIVITY 2.2.2

Reactions of HCl with metals and carbonates

MANDATORY PRACTICALS

PRACTICAL 5

Precipitation reactions

PRACTICAL 6

Relative strengths of acids

TOPIC REVIEW 2.2

TOPIC 3 RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

KEY KNOWLEDGE

WORKSHEETS

WORKSHEET 2.3.1

Knowledge preview--

ACTIVITY 2.1.2

Investigating relationships

thinking about solutions

between properties of gases

136

WORKSHEET 2.3.2

Collision theory--making

MANDATORY PRACTICALS

reactions happen

PRACTICAL 3

Making molecular models

143 WORKSHEET 2.3.3

Monitoring rate--mass?time

PRACTICAL 4

The molar volume of hydrogen 148

graphs

WORKSHEET 2.3.4

Reaction routes--rate of

TOPIC REVIEW 2.1

152

reaction

WORKSHEET 2.3.5

Experimenting with enzymes-- effect of conditions

WORKSHEET 2.3.6

Literacy review--key terms

WORKSHEET 2.3.7

Thinking about my learning

MANDATORY PRACTICAL

PRACTICAL 7

Factors affecting the rate of reaction

TOPIC REVIEW 2.3

155

160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167

170 174 177 182 185

188

192 193 194 196 198 200 201

203 208

SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASK IA2: STUDENT EXPERIMENT

211

How to use this book

The Pearson Chemistry 11 Queensland Skills and Assessment Book takes an intuitive, self-paced approach to science education that ensures every student has opportunities to practise, apply and extend their learning through a range of supportive and challenging activities.

This resource has been developed by highly experienced and expert author teams, with lead Queensland specialists who have a working understanding of what teachers are looking for to support teaching and learning across the new Queensland Certificate of Education (QCE).

Fully written to the new QCE Year 11 & 12 Syllabus, the skills and assessment Book is organised by units and topics, and the unit opener outlines the unit objectives that are addressed. The Skills and Assessment Book is further organised into topics. Each topic addresses all of the subject matter and mandatory practicals, from the Syllabus.

All activities integrate into the Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 Queensland Student Book for a complete teaching, learning and assessment program, making integration of practice and rich learning activities a seamless inclusion. The resource has been designed so it can be used independently of the Student Book, providing flexibility in when and how the Skills and Assessment Book is engaged with.

TOOLKIT

A complementary Toolkit supports development

of the skills and techniques needed to undertake

Practical investigations, the Data test, Student

experiment and Research investigation, and

also study skills. It also includes checklists and

helpful hints to assist in fulfilling all assessment

requirementsC.hemistry toolkit le ThpoharhfoasiPwTscbehtTraeieoecersoaTsnpllooskdono,inetlrkCvsesieesehtslereocavwmporemiecsildslhaptb,trslpeoeyalmacaQrsoneesunnnfeeseitsentrssrnegetuns,dhclcpeataerinagvetdadesoeilv1nybni1csestteicSnctaiothgnfunfecaodslcnlueudhdndlatsteerrkdBedaislcoilapnstosoe,kCrann.indheTsdetiahnidpcpegestreditoinron,vft1otithdahrSrsemeokksuiIasrlngltcessihaqotaofrunfnuuoidritmlnedtAmheethsndeesitncses-otsSTtessuopp.mroesscleekfinofioittrcfTeusMxontpoudalldkarekyiirtn.itnaIstgking Guides (ISMG).

Assessment

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1

assessments are:

? Data test (IA1) in Unit 1, 10%

? Research investigation (IA3) in Unit 1, 20%

? ?

Student experiment (IA2) in Unit 2, 20% Examination (EA), at end of Units 1 & 2, 50%.

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The test questions

may include: ranging from

short

answer

to

longer

responses

? scenario situations

? problem-solving.

The key areas assessed in the data test are your

ability to: ? apply your

understanding

of

subject

matter

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a Data test: Preparation checklist

Resource

Feature

Pearson

Chemistry Queensland 11

S Student Book

Mandatory practicals

Revision activity ? Read through each

practical

completed

in

class,

stopping

before

`Analysis'

of

? ?

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Check

SkillBuilders, Worked examples and Try yourself

?

original practical. SkillBuilders outline

a

method

or

technique

and

step

you

through

the

skill

to

? ?

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using algorithms. Select examples in which you SkillBuilder, Worked example,

need to improve skills then complete the Try

and read the yourself and

check

your

Questions/ instructions

Chapter 1 Skills and Assessment Toolkit

answer.

?

Refer to module `Analysis'. Many

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under to complete

the Data test.

? ?

?

Select Check

some questions and your answers against

complete them. the fully worked

solutions

Refer to Chapter 1 Chemistry Skills and Assessment

provided in your eBook. Toolkit, Part A, in the

?

eBook. Use this

reference

as

needed,

to

improve

your

mathematical

skills,

analysis

and visual interpretation skills.

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Chemistry toolkit

ix

08/08/18 9:25 AM

pages KEY KNOWLEDGE

Each topic begins with a key knowledge section. Key knowledge consists of a set of succinct summary notes that cover the subject matter for each topic of the Syllabus. This section is highly illustrative and written in a straightforward style to assist students of all abilities in focusing on the salient points. Key terms are bolded for ease of navigation and are reflected in the Student Book glossary. The key knowledge also serves as a ready reference when completing worksheets and practical activities, and provides a handy set of revision and study notes.

Key knowledge

Atomic structure

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TABLE 1.1.1 particles

Mass,

charge

and

location

of

subatomic

Particle neutron proton electron

Relative mass Charge Location

1

neutral nucleus

1

positive nucleus

1 1800

negative cloud surrounding the nucleus

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mass number

151B

element symbol

atomic number FIGURE 1.1.2 Nuclear symbol of a boron atom

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TABLE 1.1.2 Maximum occupy each electron

number shell of

of an

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that

can

Electron shell number (n)

Maximum number of electrons

1

2

2

8

3

18

4

32

n

2n2

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The electrons in the outer shell valence electrons. Sodium has one

of an atom are called valence electron.

+

higher energy orbits

FIGURE 1.1.1 Bohr's model of the atom

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Unit 1 Topic 1

3

M01_PCQ_AB11_19670_FINAL.indd 3

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | How to use this book

v

vi

WORKSHEETS

A diverse offering of instructive and self-contained worksheets is included in each topic. Common to all topics are the initial

WORKSHEET 1.3.1

Knowledge preview--thinking about materials

1 The diagram shown represents a particular type of material. a Circle the type of material this model represents.

ionic

metallic

covalent molecule

b Label the key features of the model.

covalent network

c List three properties common to this type of material.

?

? ?

+

? ?

+

? ?

?

+ ?

?

+ ?

? ?

+ ?

+

? ?

?

?+

+?

?+ ?

+

? ?

? ?+

?

+ ??

?

`Knowledge preview' worksheets to activate prior knowledge; a `Literacy review' worksheet to explicitly build language and application of scientific terminology; and finally, a `Thinking

2 The diagram shown represents a particular type of material. a Circle the type of material this model represents.

ionic

metallic

covalent molecule

b Label the key features of the model.

covalent network

c List three properties common to this type of material.

-- +-- +-- + +--+--+ -- -- + -- + --+

about my learning' worksheet, which encourages students to reflect on their learning and identify areas for improvement. Other worksheets, with their range of activities and tasks, focus on application of subject matter to assist in the consolidation of learning and the making of connections between subject matter.

3 a In the table below, write the formulas for the substances listed in the table.

Name of substance magnesium metal

Formula

magnesium chloride

magnesium oxide

magnesium nitride

b Explain why these four formulas contain different numbers of atoms/ions.

Worksheets may be used as formative assessment and are

clearly aligned to the Syllabus. A range of questions building

from foundation to challenging are included in the worksheets,

which are written to reflect the Marzano and Kendall taxonomy instructional verbs.

72

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Unit 1 Topic 3

M03_PCQ_AB11_19670_FINAL.indd 72

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

PRACTICAL ACTIVITY 2.2.1

PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES s Determination of solubility of a salt in water

Suggested duration: 50 minutes

Pberagcintincianlgactotivciotimesptlaektieona ahnigdhglyivsecastfufodelded approach from Researchandplanning

AIM

ents the opportunity to To investigate

temperatures

the solubility of and construct a

potassium nitrate, solubility curve

KNO3,

in

water

at

different

complete practical work related tog RATIONALE

in the Syllabus. Practical activities itnhcelusduebjaecrticmh aatstseor rctomveenret d Tuttohhneesoacsstcoouullruura.tbtiToeilhnditiyscsoooinlnfudtmtaiicoionanssttectsiohootenhlismactisattoxwhlieimidllssuromeilnauctqwihouanaatenhtrteaivtmsyarpboieeefsrcsaoowtmuliutrehteestateathmtuawtprhaecitcareahndtu.cbArreeyts.dttAhiassilssliaostnlaevtmeiodpneinsrattathuratrste,

amount of solvent.

of tasks that maximise the lea If the temperature at the point of

arning opportunities and build quantities of solute, the data can

saturation be plotted

is recorded on a graph

for several in order to

different construct

a

solubility curve.

SAFETY

eoxf pdeartiae,nwcehiicnhsakriell napecpelispcation to perform calculations and analysis PRE-LABSAFETYINFORMATION

Material used

Hazard

Control

sary for the Data test. Every mandatory potassiumnitrate

skin and eye irritant

Wear eye and skin protection.

Please indicate that you have understood the information in the safety table.

Name (print):

practical is featured, as well as many suggested practicals. Like Iunderstandthe

safety

information

(signature):

MATERIALS

? 25 g potassium nitrate (KNO3)

? 20 mL distilled water

? balance ? Bunsen burner

? test-tubes ? test-tube holder ? test-tube rack ? 500 mL beaker ? thermometer ? 10 mL measuring

cylinder

? stirring rod ? retort stand and clamp ? wire gauze ? marking pen ? safety glasses

? spatula

tchhealwleonrgkisnhgeeatrls, e METHOD

a range of questions building from foundation to 1 Use a marking pen to number four test-tubes 1 through 4.

2 Measure out exactly 2.0 g of potassium nitrate, KNO3, into

e included, which are written to reflect the Marzano test-tube1.

3 Repeat step 2 but adding 4.0 g, 6.0 g and 8.0 g of KNO3 to test-tubes 2, 3 and 4.

and Kendpall taxonomy instructional verbs. 4 Add exactly 5.0 mL distilled water to each test-tube.

5

Add 300 bath. Set diagram. flame to

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6

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Experimental set-up

stirring rod

water bath KNO3--water mixture

Sam 170

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Unit 2 Topic 2

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0 08/08/18 9:00 AM

TOPIC REVIEW QUESTIONS

Each topic concludes with a comprehensive set of question items consisting of multiplechoice and short-answer responses written in an exam style. This provides students with exposure to and the opportunity to practise drawing together subject matter and skills to respond to, examination-style assessment.

ATONPDICENREERVGIEYWC1H.A3N?GCEHEMICAL REACTIONS--REACTANTS, PRODUCTS

Multiple-choice questions

1 Consider the following reaction:

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) H = -572 kJ mol-1

Identify which of the the equation shown.

following

will

be

the

enthalpy

for

H2O(l) H2(g) +

1 2 O2(g)

A -1144 kJ mol-1

B -286 kJ mol-1

C +286 kJ mol-1

D +572 kJ mol-1

4 Consider the following thermochemical equations:

C + O2 CO2

H2 +

1 2 O2

H2O

H = -393 kJ mol-1 H = -286 kJ mol-1

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O H = -892 kJ mol-1

Determine the enthalpy according to Hess's law.

for

the

reaction

shown

below

C + 2H2 CH4 A -213 kJ mol-1

B -73 kJ mol-1

2 Propane burns in oxygen according to the equation: C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

C +73 kJ mol-1 D +1857 kJ mol-1

H = -2220 kJ mol-1 tfcSorooemtlmhecbe1tue6tsnh?tveCiinrmtooonixn1myi0mge0enu?ntCm. i.nAmosarsdsusemroetfotphhreoerpaeat in2se0n0roegqeuonfierrwegdaytteloorss

A 0.032 g

C 31.6 g

B 1.39 g

D 70.3 g

3

The average bond energies shown in the table.

of

several

bonds

are

5 Identify the sample below that contains the most atoms. A 10.0 g of CO

B 10.0 g of CO2 C 10.0 g of SO3 D 10.0 g of NO2

6 Determine the mass of a single sulfur atom. A 6.02 ? 1023 32.1

Bond C?H C?C C=C

Bond energy (kJ mol?1) 413 348 614

Select bonds

the amount of energy needed in the molecule shown below.

to

break

the

A 614 kJ mol-1

H

HH

B 1375 kJ mol-1

C 2478 kJ mol-1

CCCH

D 3440 kJ mol-1

H

H

Short-answer questions

B 6.02 ? 1023 ? 32.1

C

32.1

6.02 ? 1023

D

1

6.02 ? 1023

7 gSreeleactetstthpeecrocmenptaoguendbybemloawssthoaf tsucolfnutra. ins the A SO3 B H2SO4 C MgSO4 D H2S2O7

1

Reactant A reacts with reactant the following equation:

B

to

produce

product

C

according

to

A(g) + 3B(g) 2C(g)

H = +48 kJ mol-1

The activation energy for the forward reaction is 150 kJ mol-1.

a

On the axes reaction.

shown,

draw

an

energy

profile

diagram

for

this

b

Add a second line to effect of a catalyst.

the

energy

profile

diagram

showing

the

Enthalpy

A + 3B

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

Progress of reaction Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Unit 1 Topic 3

103

M03_PCQ_AB11_19670_FINAL.indd 103

TOPIC REVIEW 1.3 ? CHEMICAL REACTIONS--REACTANTS, PRODUCTS AND ENERGY CHANGE

2

Calculate the mass, to the equation:

in

kg,

of

carbon

dioxide

gas

produced

from

the

combustion

of

1.00 kg

of

butane

gas

according

2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(g)

3

A student shown.

investigates

the

energy

released

by

the

combustion

of

different

fuels.

She

sets

up

the

apparatus

as

clamp

thermometer

metal loop stirrer metal can

containing water water

bosshead retort stand

spirit burner

heatproof mat

aTrFehirfeisltIlsss, tsutthhhdeeeebnccaotunnrrnecfaslrucoashmie5osntmhtrehLeeatsacacphmo.enSpdclhlebuesyotifohtheneetnhthsabtanuutodrenle,tsnhwtaahnvi5caohmllidhhL?aessEaaxtamsphlhpaiagilnelhf oeyarfocumhareneaattnhoosaf wnfwoceaolrt,.emwrbhbuiycsht7io.h5ne6a, ?itCns.

She discards that water the water by 5.65?C. kJ g-1, than methanol.

and

b

Describe three improvement.

ways

you

would

improve

the

design

of

this

practical

investigation.

Give

a

reason

for

each

104

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | Unit 1 Topic 3

M03_PCQ_AB11_19670_FINAL.indd 104

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

Pearson Chemistry 11 Units 1 & 2 QLD | Skills and Assessment | How to use this book

ISBN 978 1 4886 1967 0

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