Chemistry 11 - Weebly

[Pages:36]Chemistry 11

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Unit 4 ? Inorganic Nomenclatures

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0. Overview

Inorganic nomenclature refers to the naming of elements and inorganic compounds.

In this chapter, we will learn how to:

(i) name chemical elements (ii) classify elements in the periodic table (iii) name ions (iv) name ionic compounds and write their formulas (v) name covalent compounds and write their formulas (vi) name special types of compounds

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1. Chemical elements

Recall from chapter 3 that elements are the simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by chemical processes.

 As seen, elements in the periodic table are represented by

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symbols containing either one or two letters. The first letter is

always in upper case while the second letter, if any, is always in

lower case.

Many elements use the first two letters of the element's name

as their symbol.

Name

Symbol

Aluminum

Al

Bismuth

Bi

Lithium

Li

When the first two letters have already been used with some

other element, the first and third letters are used.

Name

Symbol

Argon

Ar

Arsenic

As

Astatine

At

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Some of them have the symbols taken from their ancient

Latin names.

Name Iron Lead Tin

Latin name Ferrum

Plumbum Stannum

Symbol Fe Pb Sn

A few elements have single letters for their symbols. (Especially true for the early elements)

Name Hydrogen Nitrogen

Sulfur

Symbol H N S

Name Boron Carbon Uranium

Symbol B C U

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In general, elements in the periodic table can be divided into

two classes: metals and non-metals. They exhibit very different

physical and chemical properties. For example,

Metals Shiny (lustrous)

Malleable and ductile

Mostly solids at room temperature

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals Dull and lack luster

Brittle

Mostly gases at room temperature

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Metals are located on the bottom left side of the periodic table, while non-metals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table.

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Between the two groups are

the elements called semi-

metals. They are also called

semi-conductors or metalloids.

They possess both metallic and

non-metallic properties.

This group of elements consists of the following eight elements: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium, and Astatine.

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2. Naming ions

When electrons are added or removed from neutral atoms, ions are formed. Ions can be divided into two types depending on the charges they have:

Anion: An ion with a negative charge (e.g. Cl-, NO3-) Cation: An ion with a positive charge (e.g. Na+, Mg2+)

Ions may be composed of one or more atoms, resulting in the following species:

(1) Monatomic ion: an ion made of only one atom (e.g. H+)

(2) Diatomic ion: an ion made of two atoms (e.g. ClO-)

(3) Polyatomic ion: an ion made of many atoms (e.g. SO42-)

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