HANDOUT WITH FORMAT FOR RESEARCH PAPER



Chicago Citation Guidelines for APECHS U.S. Research Paper

Historians use the Chicago Manual of Style footnoting system. This is different from either MLA or APA. For a quick answer to basic questions, the Web is helpful: see in particular the following site:

In Microsoft Word, here’s how you create a footnote:

Go into the References menu (on the top left-hand side of your document, above the font box). The second box on the left offers you the possibility of “Insert Footnote.” Click on it. The cursor moves automatically to a space created at the foot of your text, where you can include the text necessary, according to the models below. Microsoft Word will automatically number your footnotes for you; that’s fine. You don’t need to do anything to the numbering.

In Google Docs: Under the Insert menu - - > footnote. OR Ctrl-Alt-F.

FIRST CITATION:

The first time you cite a work, you use a full citation, as in the examples below:

Book

1. Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), p. 345.

If the book has two authors, cite them both in alphabetical order. If there are more than two, you’d cite them as First Author et al.

b) Essay in an Edited Volume

1. Northrop, Douglas “Nationalizing Backwardness: Gender, Empire, and Uzbek Identity,” in Ronald Grigor Suny and Terry Martin, eds., A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), p. 192.

c) Journal Article

1. Díaz, Maria E. “The Satiric Penny Press for Workers in Mexico, 1900-1910: A Case Study in the Politicisation of Popular Culture,” Journal of Latin American Studies 22/3 (Oct. 1990), p.498. (That 22/3 number is volume/issue, i.e, volume 22, issue 3.)

SECOND/THIRD/FOURTH ETC CITATION of the same work: use abbreviated citation format, as below:

a) Book

2. Mazower, Dark Continent, p. 345.

b) Edited Volume

2. Northrop, “Nationalizing Backwardness,” p. 193. (and yes, it’s all right to shorten a long title the way I did here.)

c) Journal Article

2. Díaz, “The Satiric Press,” p. 498.

EXCEPTION: If two or more citations in a row are from the exact same work, from the exact same page, then you’re allowed to use the term Ibid. If you cite from a different page of that same work, you’d use Ibid plus the new page number. You can only use Ibid. when you’re citing repeatedly, and in an uninterrupted sequence, from the same source: if you interrupt the sequence to use another source, you’d use the abbreviated format rather than Ibid.

CITING WEB PAGES

Every Single Time: your goal is to include as much as possible of the following information: author/sponsoring institution, title of document/ selection, publication date of document/selection, title of site you consulted, URL, access date. A few examples:

--Kehoe, Brendan P.   "Zen and the Art of the Internet."  January 1992, (4 June 1999).

--Adolf Hitler, “The Discovery of Antisemitism in Vienna” (excerpt from Mein Kampf, 1925), (February 1, 2012).

CREATING A BIBLIOGRAPHY OR “WORKS CITED” PAGE

Same information, but presented a little differently. No special Microsoft Word tricks here. The bibliography must be alphabetized. Each entry must be indented 5 spaces in the first line

Examples:

Díaz, Maria Elena. “The Satiric Penny Press for Workers in Mexico, 1900-1910: A Case Study in the Politicisation of Popular Culture,” Journal of Latin American Studies 22/3 (Oct. 1990): 490-500.

Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. New York: Vintage Books, 1998.

Northrop, Douglas. “Nationalizing Backwardness: Gender, Empire, and Uzbek Identity,” in Ronald Grigor Suny and Terry Martin, eds., A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

WHEN DO YOU CITE, WHEN DO YOU QUOTE, WHEN DO YOU DO BOTH?

You cite… --when you’re using someone else’s ideas, even if it’s paraphrased

(rewritten in your own language)

You cite and quote… --when you’re using more than three words written by another author.

Paraphrasing means that you’ve reworked the author’s words so completely that they’re no longer recognizable as belonging to that author. It’s hard to paraphrase – doing it correctly takes work!

Questions? Ask Mr. Scroggs

Adapted from NMSU History Department Citation Guide, 2012 by David Scroggs for use at APECHS.

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