Footnotes in Chicago Manual Style



Footnotes in Chicago Manual Style

~ A concise “How-To”~

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1) Rule of Thumb for deciding what to document:

• Borrowed language

• Borrowed ideas

• Borrowed information

When you use the information, words or ideas of someone else, be sure to TELL your readers where the material came from.

2) Footnotes are shown by a little superscript number AFTER the passage you have borrowed.

• These tell the reader where to look in your footnotes in order to find publishing information. This information is repeated on the Bibliography page.

3) Footnotes go at the bottom or “foot” of the page on which the citation occurs.

4) HOW DO YOU INSERT A FOOTNOTE IN MICROSOFT WORD?

• Place the cursor at the end of the sentence you wish you cite

• Select “References” tab.

• Click on “Insert footnote.”

5) Here is an example of a DIRECT QUOTATION sited using the Footnoting system:

Research on the subject of community building has focused on the need to create more social capital. Putnam and Feldstein have discovered that, “the kind of social capital that is most essential for healthy public life …is precisely the kind that is hardest to build.” 1

1. Robert D. Putnam and Lewis M. Feldstein. Better Together: Restoring the American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 3.

Book = Author. Title (Place: Publisher, Year), Page #.

(Indent first line 5 spaces)

6) Here is an example of an INDIRECT QUOTATION using the Footnoting System:

The onset of the Great Depression was a significant event in Canadian history. Although many believe that the United States was hit “harder” by the stock market crash and the events that subsequently followed, it can be noted that Canada was hit by a drought far worse than what the Americans had experience.41

41 Brooks, Ronald J. “Homepage,” < URL > (Accessed: July 28, 2003).

Website = Author. Website Title, (Accessed: Date).

(Indent first line 5 spaces)

7) If you refer to the SAME SOURCE again in your paper, do you have to repeat all that info? NO!

Just give the author’s last name, followed by a comma, and the page number on which you found the information you are using:

7. Putnam and Feldstein, 74.

If an author’s name is not available, use a shortened title:

7. Better Together, 74.

8) If you referred to a source in one note and then refer to the same source in the next note, either use a short form (as we just saw) or use the Latin abbreviation ibid.

(It means “in the same place.”) It must be the very next source cited.

1. Robert D. Putnam and Lewis M. Feldstein, Better Together: Restoring the American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 3.

2. Ibid., 77.

9) Consult THIS WEBSITE using the QUICK CITATION GUIDE for help:



10) BIBLIOGRAPHY: This is alphabetized!!! NO NUMBERS

11) Confused? Don’t be… You don’t need to cite EVERY sentence, but always give credit where credit is due. APPROXIMATELY 2 – 4 CITATIONS PER PAGE IS EXPECTED.

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