Prepared by Susannah Shmurak, 1998



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Turabian is the preferred style for art history and some history papers. For further information on the use of this style, consult the 6th edition of Kate Turabian’s A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, or the 14th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style, which provides identical, though more elaborate, guidelines.

Citations

Use footnotes or endnotes to cite your sources. If you are using footnotes, in your text use a superscript ([i]) the number of which corresponds to a note providing bibliographic information at the bottom of the page. If you are using endnotes, you use the same format in the text, but the bibliographic information appears on a separate page at the end of your paper that is titled NOTES. Each footnote/endnote should be single-spaced; skip a line between footnote/endnote entries.

Information to include in your footnote or endnote:

Books:

First name last name, Title (City: Publisher, date), page number.

Example:

1John Wilmerding, Winslow Homer (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972), 28.

Journal Articles:

First name last name, “Title,” Periodical Title, volume: number, (date): page number.

Example:

2Michael Berube, “Masks, Margins, and African American Modernism: Melvin Tolson’s Harlem Gallery,” PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 105:1 (Jan 1990): 60.

Note the following:

• The first line of a note should be indented 8 spaces; if the entry goes onto subsequent lines, those lines should be flush with the left margin.

• For works with more than one author:

3Mary Lyon, Bryce Lyon, and Henry S. Lucas, The Wardrobe Book of William de Norwell, 12 July 1338 to 27 May 1340 (Brussels: Commission Royale d’Histoire de Belgique, 1983): 42.

• If you cite the same work in consecutive notes, rather than repeating the information, you write “Ibid.”

Example:

4Ibid.

If you are citing the same work, but a different page, you need to add the page number:

5Ibid., 32.

• For a subsequent reference not immediately following, you cite the work in a simplified form, omitting subtitle and publication information. Give the author’s last name, a brief version of the title, and the page number:

6Wilmerding, Winslow Homer, 95.

Bibliography

Your reference page should be titled “BIBLIOGRAPHY,” centered at the top of the page. This page follows your notes, and entries should be alphabetized. The first line of each entry should be flush with the left margin; subsequent lines should be indented 8 spaces. Note minor differences in punctuation of bibliography entries from footnote and endnote entries (a period after the authors’ names and titles of works) and spacing (indent reverses).

Berube, Michael. “Masks, Margins, and African American Modernism: Melvin Tolson’s Harlem Gallery.” PMLA:

Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 105:1 (Jan 1990): 57-69.

Wilmerding, John. Winslow Homer. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1972.

• For works with more than one author, only the first author’s name gets reversed:

Lyon, Mary, Bryce Lyon, and Henry S. Lucas, The Wardrobe Book of William de Norwell, 12 July 1338 to 27 May

1340 Brussels: Commission Royale d’Histoire de Belgique, 1983.

Electronic Documents

The 6th edition of the Turabian guide, which is more recent than the 14th edition of the Chicago manual, provides very few examples of electronic documentation. Of these, the online database example is most relevant. The endnote would appear as follows (use automated superscript for numbering a footnote):

56. Rosabel Flax, Guidelines for Teaching Mathematics K-12 (Topeka: Kansas State Department of Education, 1979) [database on-line]; available from Dialog, ERIC, ED 178312.

The corresponding bibliographic entry would be:

Flax, Rosabel. Guidelines for Teaching Mathematics K-12. Topeka: Kansas Department of Education, 1979. Database on-line. Available from Dialog, ERIC, ED 178312.

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