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Woodrow Wilson High SchoolAP European HistorySummer Assignment 2019: Analyzing Machiavellian Thought Required Text: The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli (Oxford World Classics or translation by David Wootton) Supplemental Texts: Letters and Discourses, Wootton’s Essay on Machiavelli Essay Length: 8-10 page paper, typed, double spaced, no covers (just a title page). Website: woodrowwhap. – go to “Summer 2019 Assignment” under AP European History to retrieve the resources mentioned above.Email: sikhan@ Directions: Use The Prince, and relevant selections, from Machiavelli’s Discourses and Letters to help you with your analysis of one of the following topics of your choosing. All PDFs to the required and supplemental texts are already posted on my class website under 2017 Summer Assignment. You are not required to purchase a hardcopy of the primary reading, but it can be easily purchased at any book store. You may use any additional resources you want to as long as they are properly cited (see next page). This essay will count as a test grade is due on the first day of class (hardcopy only). I am happy to be emailed rough drafts.Discuss the role of force and violence in the conduct of Machiavelli's The Prince. Are these justified for their own sake or only as a means to an end?Discuss the concepts of virtù and fortuna in Machiavelli's thought. What aspects of 15th century Italian history contributed to his stress on these concepts? Optional: How does republican virtù (in Discourses) differ from princely virtù?Machiavelli is often described as the first political scientist. Can you see the beginnings of a "science of politics" in The Prince and Discourses? What kinds of general rules govern political actions, and what kind of evidence does he use to demonstrate the workings of these rules?How did Machiavelli’s career as a diplomat for the Florentine republic shape his understanding of Italian politics? Which do you see as a more important influence on his thought, humanism or his own political experience? (For this topic see Letters in Adams edition). Compare Machiavelli’s attitude to Roman religion in the Discourses with his attitude to Christianity and the Papal States in The Prince. What is the role of religion in the state, according to Machiavelli, and why is Roman religion superior for political purposes? (Chap. 11-12 of Discourses are on religion and are posted as link to Penguin edition).Since Machiavelli was a committed republican during his active political career, some historians have questioned the sincerity of the views expressed in The Prince. How serious is the conflict between the republican Machiavelli of the Discourses on Livy and kind of advice to signori given in The Prince? Are the political views expressed in two works diametrically opposed, or can they be reconciled as fundamentally similar?Historians have long debated the purpose for which Machiavelli wrote Il Principe (The Prince), and the question of to whom it was dedicated. What is the nature of this debate, and how do the political circumstances of Italy in the years around 1512-1513 affect the discussion? (You should use David Wootton’s introduction to his translation of The Prince as a guide to the debate). INSTRUCTIONS ON PAPERS: FORMAT FOR CITATIONSGeneral Format: All assigned papers for this course should be typed, double spaced; no plastic or cardboard covers, just title page with name, paper title, date,?course. Please include page numbers as well. The basic purpose of scholarly citations is that any reader should be able to track down your sources for direct quotes and for ideas or information taken from a specific source.??I know what books you are using, but complete citations are required for each primary source.??The general rule about citations is to follow a consistent format, including all relevant publication information.??You may follow any consistent format (historians use Turabian's?Chicago Manual of Style, but other systems are also OK).Endnotes and Footnotes These differ only in where they are located; footnotes are at the foot of the page, while endnotes are at the end of the paper.??Either is fine, though endnotes are generally easier, unless your computer program makes footnotes just as easy.??Also, note that endnotes do not need to be on a separate page, so long as there is still room on your last page.?For the first paper on Machiavelli, use the following simplified format, where a complete citation is first given in a note, and later citations are indicated by page numbers in parentheses. If you are using a different edition of the book, give the publication information for that edition as indicated above (City: Publisher, date).??For these papers, OK to use either city or publisher or both.For the first citation of a work, give the complete reference, either in a footnote (bottom of page) or an endnote (at end of paper), using a numbered note (for example):1??????????Gregorio Dati,?Diary, in Gene Brucker (ed),?Two Memoirs of Renaissance Florence?(Waveland Press, 1991), pp. 107-141.??For later citations, (Dati, p. #)If your essay draws on two or more sources, you must give a full citation (like the one given above) the first time you cite a given source, as follows:?3??????????Piero Veneziano,?Bianco Alfani,?in Lauro Martines (ed.)?An Italian Renaissance Sextent: Six Tales in Historical Context?(University?of?Toronto?Press, 2004), pp. 95-116.4??????????Lauro Martines,?The Wages of Social Sin,?in?An Italian Renaissance Sextent: Six Tales in Historical Context?(University?of?Toronto?Press, 2004), pp. 116-137.If you are using handouts passed out in class, give a brief citation (for example): 5??????????AP European History, Class Handout on Florentine GuildsFOR REPEAT PAGE CITATIONS FROM A SOURCE ALREADY FOOTNOTED:If your essay draws on only one primary source, you can simply indicate page numbers in parentheses after quotes or other citations, as follows: (p. 20)When there is more than one source, you should use the author or editor's last name, or a short version of the author or title (for instance, Dati, Pitti, Brucker, Veneziano) to indicate which of two or more sources you are citing, as follows:??????????????(Dati, p. #)?????????????????????or??????(Pitti, p. #)??????????Helpful Resources: Recommended for purchase:??Strunk and White,?Elements of Style: good, SHORT and?very?helpful little book on how to write more effectively, clearly and tersely.Citation Generator: ................
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