U.S. History Mr. Ruhl - Home



Chapter 6 “The Progressive Movement”Chapter ReviewLesson?ReviewLesson 11.?Evaluating?What progressive issue eventually led to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment? What was the impact on American society of the campaign for the Eighteenth Amendment and related reforms?The issue was alcohol consumption. The campaign was first to reduce it, then restrict it, then ban it, and then ban it constitutionally so as to ensure all states had to ban it.2.?Describing?What were the goals of progressives?Progressives sought reforms in government and society, including labor laws, health and safety, municipal government, woman suffrage, and social welfare issues.3.?Analyzing?What were the main social issues affecting women and children in the Progressive Era, and what reforms did progressives seek to help them?The two main issues were poverty and alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse in the family leading to wife abuse, child abuse, abandonment and neglect and often to poverty and women raising children alone. Poverty led to both women and children working in unsafe conditions. For children the major issue was child labor. With respect to child labor, progressives sought to limit hours children could work, set a minimum wage, impose safety codes, and mandate attendance at school; for women, progressives sought to provide safer working conditions through health and safety codes. With respect to alcohol abuse, progressives sought to reduce consumption and then focused on laws regulating and banning manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol.4.?Making Generalizations?Evaluate the impact of the muckrakers on the progressive movement. What did they accomplish and what were the costs and benefits to American society?Muckrakers pointed out the problems of industrial society in graphic ways that generated public outrage and led to pressure on government to fix the problems. Many of the issues they addressed, such as child labor, unsafe working conditions, disease, unhealthy food, and political corruption led to reforms that generally improved society but also increased government's role in regulating behavior. Their style of writing sometimes sensationalized issues and made things worse than they actually were to induce public outrage and political action.5.?Evaluating?How did the Nineteenth Amendment help achieve equal political rights in the United States?The amendment made it unconstitutional for the federal government to deny adult women the right to vote; this meant that women were now on an equal political footing as voters alongside men.6.?Evaluating?What change did the Seventeenth Amendment make to the Constitution and what impact did this have on the federal system?The Seventeenth Amendment provided for the direct election of senators; this weakened state governments and strengthened the federal government, because state governments used to elect the senators and would pick people who represented the state government's interests and would not support expanding federal power.7.?Describing?Explain the effects zoning laws had on individuals, businesses, and communities and how these laws impacted Fifth Amendment property rights.The Fifth Amendment does not let the government take property without compensation; zoning laws potentially restrict a person's use of their property and the Supreme Court ruled that in some cases it constitutes a taking, but in general the laws are constitutional. This meant that communities could regulate where businesses were located so as to improve community life, but that some businesses and individuals were denied the use of their property without compensation.8.?Describing?What were the roles of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and the National Woman's Party in the women's civil rights movement?NAWSA was the largest organization, reuniting the two groups that had split after the Civil War. Led by Carrie Chapman Catt, NAWSA focused on campaigning for members of Congress who supported passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. The Woman's Party was led by Alice Paul that had rejected the political approach and preferred direct action, staging sit-ins, blocking roads, picketing the White House, and holding hunger strikes so as to raise public awareness and force a response.Lesson 29.?Sequencing?Describe the steps Theodore Roosevelt took to rein in big business and then summarize his approach to regulating business.First he used the Anti-trust Act to break up a potential monopoly by a railroad holding company. Then he intervened in a strike and forced arbitration. Finally, he established government agencies and strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission. His general approach was to leave trusts alone because they were efficient as long as they were willing to work with the government for the public good.10.?Defending?What arguments might a conservationist use to justify President Roosevelt’s expansion of the power of the federal government?Justifications might include the fact that most conserved land was federal land, and that conservation was, as a whole, for the public good.11.?Comparing and Contrasting?Compare President Taft's record as a progressive to President Roosevelt's achievements. How were the two men similar? Where did they differ?Taft was more aggressive in using government to break up trusts whereas Roosevelt preferred to find a way to work with them. Taft focused on child labor issues, while Roosevelt passed the Food and Drug Act. Both were committed to conservation: Roosevelt created the Forestry Service; Taft set up the Bureau of Mines.Lesson 312.?Evaluating?Which amendment gave the federal government the power to collect income tax directly without having to apportion it among the states? What impact did this have on the way the US government raised revenue?The Sixteenth Amendment allowed direct income taxes; the impact was that the government no longer had to rely on high tariffs to fund its operations. Since tariffs limited trade between nations, the income tax meant the US could move toward a more open trade policy; it also gave the government the ability to use tax policy as a way to direct behavior by giving deductions for certain things, and it could use tax policy to reduce economic inequality by taxing wealthy people proportionately more?13.?Contrasting?On what progressive political issue did Roosevelt and Wilson most differ during their 1912 presidential campaigns?They differed in their attitude toward the trusts. Roosevelt believed that they were necessary for efficiency and should be regulated by government, but Wilson believed that they should be destroyed to allow for greater competition.14.?Evaluating?What was the impact of the Progressive Party on the 1912 election?Roosevelt ran as the progressive nominee and as a result, the votes for Republicans were split, giving the election to Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats15.?Explaining?What actions did W.E.B. Du Bois take to expand political rights and economic opportunities for African Americans during the Progressive Era?Du Bois founded the Niagara Movements and helped found the NAACP, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which fought for political rights, equality and economic opportunity for African Americans. He also served as the editor of The Crisis, the NAACP's journal.16.?Analyzing?How did progressivism change the United States? Who were overlooked by progressive reformers?The Progressive movement brought about reforms to improve the efficiency and honesty of city government, the safety of working conditions, and the rights of women and children. It also increased the power of government to regulate the economy and society. It failed to bring about improvements to the rights of African Americans or to discourage discrimination against minority groups.17.?Identifying Cause and Effect?Explain the actions that lawyer Sigmund Livingston took to help the Jewish religious minority expand its political rights and economic opportunities in American society.Livingston formed the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), which fought to prevent stereotypes and discrimination against Jews and other religious and ethnic minorities. ................
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