The Springstone School - Mrs Alejo
|Name: | |
|Date: | |
|Subject: | |
|The Cold War |
Objectives
|Objective 1: ASWBAT explain the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. |
|Objective 2: ASWBAT explain how Communists came to power in China and how the United States reacted. |
On a scale of 1 – 3 how well can you meet this objective now.
(1 – Not at all 2 – I know it a little bit 3 – I know it very well)
Highlight your choice.
|Objective: 1 |1 |2 |3 |
|Objective: 2 |1 |2 |3 |
Key Vocabulary Words
On a scale of 1 – 3 rate how well you know the vocabulary words below.
(1 – Not at all 2 – I know it a little bit 3– I know it very well)
|Communism |1 |2 |3 |
|Democracy |1 |2 |3 |
|Capitalism |1 |2 |3 |
Background
1. The Origins of the Cold War
I. Former Allies Clash
• USSR (Soviet Union) and the United States had very different goals:
o USSR wanted global communism.
o U.S. wanted global democracy/capitalism.
• The U.S. and USSR grew to distrust each other by the end of World War II.
o U.S. mistrusted Stalin because:
▪ He had been allied with Hitler.
▪ Was a dictator in USSR.
o Stalin mistrusted U.S. because:
▪ They didn’t invade Europe as quickly as he wanted during WWII.
▪ They tried to keep the atomic bomb a secret.
[pic]
II. Tension Mounts
• Potsdam Conference (July 1945): a meeting amongst U.S. (Truman), USSR (Stalin), and Great Britain (Attlee) to determine European policies and reparations at the end of WWII.
o Stalin went against his promise of free elections in Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe (Poland, Czechoslovakia, etc.)
.
o Truman was angered by this because his goal was to spread democracy around the world (especially to nations formerly controlled by Nazi Germany).
▪ He also wanted American business to have access to Eastern European markets.
o The division/tension between the U.S. and USSR officially begins here.
• The USSR felt they were owed Eastern Europe because of their heavy losses during WWII (20 million Soviets killed) and because it would prevent future invasions from the west.
• In 1946 Stalin installed communist totalitarian governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland.
o These were known as “satellite nations” because they were controlled by the USSR.
o This essentially divided Europe into two zones (East/communist and West/mostly democratic).
▪ They were separated by the “iron curtain”.
• The U.S. considered the Soviet action in Eastern Europe a threat.
o Truman decided to take hard line with the USSR (no more “babying” them).
o Containment: the U.S. policy of stopping the spread of communism in ANY part of the world.
▪ Concept would guide U.S. foreign policy for next 40+ years.
[pic]
Pre-quiz
1. Why did the U.S. and USSR grow to distrust each other by the end of World War II?
|Answer: |
2. What countries made up the USSR?
|Answer: |
3. What were the goals of the US and USSR after WWII
|Answer: |
|US- |
|USSR- |
III. Cold War in Europe
• Cold War: the conflict between the U.S. and USSR in which neither nation directly confronted each other on the battlefield:
o Lasted from 1945 – 1991.
o Dominated global affairs for that period.
• In 1947 the U.S. Congress agreed to send $400 million to fight communist takeovers in Greece and Turkey.
• Truman Doctrine (1947): Truman’s stated policy that it was the U.S.’ responsibility to support anti-communist movements ANYWHERE in the world.
o This would guide U.S. foreign policy for 40+ years.
• Marshall Plan (1947): aid given to Western European nations to help them rebuild after the devastation of WWII:
o Named after U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall.
o The U.S. feared that weak economies, low food supplies, and destroyed infrastructure would open the door for a communist takeover.
o Also wanted to keep Western European markets open to U.S. businesses.
o Sent $13 billion in 5 years.
o Successful in helping Western European nations rebuild.
[pic]
IV. Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
• At the end of WWII, Germany was divided into four zones, each occupied by the U.S., France, Great Britain, and the USSR.
o U.S., France, Great Britain controlled the western portion.
o USSR controlled the eastern portion.
• In 1948 the U.S., France, and Great Britain combine their zones into one.
• The capital of Germany is Berlin.
o Berlin was also divided into 4 zones.
o The city was completely surrounded by the Soviet-occupied eastern zone.
• In June 1948 Stalin cuts off ground transportation into Berlin:
o This was an attempt to take over the entire capital city.
o No food or fuel could enter the city because it was surrounded by the Soviet-occupied zone.
• Berlin Airlift (1948 – 1949): the U.S. and Great Britain flew supplies into West Berlin to assist those living there and prevent Stalin from taking over the entire city.
o After a year, Stalin lifted the blockade.
o U.S. global popularity increased because of their support for West Berlin.
• In 1949 Germany officially becomes two nations.
o West: Federal Republic of Germany (“West Germany”).
▪ Included West Berlin.
o East: German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”).
▪ Included East Berlin.
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
o A defensive military alliance organized in 1949 between the U.S., Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and Canada.
o All pledged to support each other if one was attacked.
o First time in U.S. history that it entered into military alliance during peacetime.
o By 1955, NATO had over 500,000 troops.
Pre-quiz
1. Why did the U.S. and USSR grow to distrust each other by the end of World War II?
|Answer: |
2. What was the Truman Doctrine?
|Answer: |
3. What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)?
|Answer: |
2. The Cold War Heats Up
I. China Becomes a Communist Country
• Conflict existed in China for 20 years and in 1945 it finally erupted into civil war.
o Nationalists were led by Chiang Kai-Shek.
o Communists were led by Mao Zedong.
• Between 1945 and 1949, the U.S. supported the Nationalists with billions of dollars in aid:
o U.S. officials in China find his government inefficient and corrupt.
o However, this doesn’t change U.S. policy toward China.
o Truman refused to send troops (feared starting World War III).
• Chiang undermined his own movement by alienating (even attacking at one point) peasants who were anti-communist,
• Communists eventually won the peasant support, especially in Northern China.
• In 1949 Chiang and the remaining Chinese government leaders fled to the island of Taiwan:
o Communists took full control of China.
o Known as “People’s Republic of China” (PRC).
• U.S. refused to accept the communist government as China’s true government.
• U.S. public and politicians were shocked at the communist takeover in China.
o The containment had failed.
o Many members of. Congress charged that Truman didn’t do enough.
o Fear of a communist infiltration of the U.S. government and society began to spread rapidly.
[pic]
II. The Korean War
• Korea was controlled by Japan from 1910 to 1945.
• When Japan surrendered in World War II, troops north of 38th parallel surrendered to the USSR; those south of the 38th parallel surrendered to the U.S.
o After World War II ended, two nations emerged; communist North Korea and democratic South Korea.
• In 1949 the USSR-backed North Korea and invaded South Korea in an attempt to take over the entire peninsula.
o This began the Korean War
• South Korea asked the United Nations to stop the invasion and the United Nations agreed by sending in troops.
o The United Nations forces were mostly American and their general was the American Douglas MacArthur.
• Truman ordered U.S. troops and ships to Korea as well.
[pic]
III. The United States Fights in Korea
• North Korea at first drove the United Nations and South Korean forces all the way into the corner of South Korea.
• In September of 1950, MacArthur launched a successful surprise counterattack:
o Essentially saved the war for South Korea.
o Drove North Korea back across the 38th parallel.
• In November of 1950, the United Nations and South Korean forces drove North Korea nearly to border of China.
o China joined the conflict on the side of North Korea as a result of this.
▪ They did not want a non-communist, U.S.-supported nation to border their country.
o The war was essentially between China and the U.S. at this point.
• In January of 1951, all United Nations forces were pushed back to the 38th parallel:
o War would be a stalemate there for another two years.
• MacArthur recommended attacking China with nuclear weapons.
o Truman rejected the request, for he did not want to use nukes and did not want to start World War III.
• MacArthur attempted to go over Truman’s head to get invasion approval and publicly criticized his decision not to invade.
o He ignored President’s authority as Commander in Chief
o This angered Truman, for his general was not following orders.
• In April of 1951, Truman fired MacArthur:
o A shocking decision, especially in the middle of a war.
o Many Americans were outraged at the firing, due to that fact that MacArthur was a World War II hero.
• In 1953 a truce was finalized in Korea:
o cease-fire line was established.
o demilitarized zone established at 38th parallel.
o Korea was still two nations.
• 54,000 Americans were killed in Korean War and it cost roughly $67 billion.
Quiz
Directions: Answer the following questions to see if you met the objectives.
1. Why did President Truman refuse to send troops into China between 1945 and 1949?
|Answer: |
2. Why did Korea turn split into North Korea and South Korea after World War II?
|Answer |
3. Why did China join the conflict on the side of North Korea in November of 1950?
|Answer: |
4. Why did President Truman fire General McArthur in April of 1951?
|Answer: |
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related download
- the springstone school mrs alejo
- emergency management in taiwan fema
- during world war ii the united states and the soviet
- american history cold war worksheet
- the cold war
- the road to world war ii
- cold war china and korea mr barck s classroom
- world war ii
- unit 7 vocabulary world war ii
- in 1945 shortly after japan surrendered in world war ii
Related searches
- the american school of doha
- the cambridge school doha qatar
- the middle school book
- how does the high school years go
- the westwood school dallas tx
- the cambridge school doha
- history of the american school system
- the best school themes
- the old school house brantford
- the elementary school journal
- the bryman school transcripts
- how do i find the best school in my area