Supporting Information



Supplementary data

A Magnetic Droplet Vaporization Approach Using Perfluorohexane-Encapsulated Magnetic Mesoporous Particles for Ultrasound Imaging and Tumor Ablation

Zhaogang Teng,a,e Ronghui Wang,c Yang Zhou,c Michael Kolios,d Yanjie Wang,d Nan Zhang,c Zhigang Wang,c Yuanyi Zheng,*,a,b,c and Guangming Lu*,a,e

a Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002 Jiangsu, P.R. China

Fax: +86 25 8480 4659; Tel: +86 25 8086 0185.

Email: zhengyuanyi@; cjr.luguangming@vip..

b Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China

c Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China

d Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada

e State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 Jiangsu, P.R. China

Video S1: Optical observation of the perfluorocarbon-encapsulated magnetic mesoporous particles under 155 nJ pulsed laser, which clearly shows that gas bubbles are generated from the MDs.

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Figure S1. (a) TEM image of a magnetic mesoporous particle. (b) High-magnification TEM image of the mesoporous shell.

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Figure S2. Wide-angel XRD pattern of the magnetic mesoporous particles prepared by a surfactant-assembly sol−gel coating process and a following spontaneous self-transformation procedure. The XRD peaks of can be perfectly indexed to the phase of Fe3O4 (JCPDS Card no. 88-0315). The relatively broad diffraction peaks suggest the nanocrystalline structure of the magnetite cores.

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Figure S3. Room-temperature magnetization curves of the magnetic mesoporous particles. No hysteresis was observed on the magnetization curve, indicating the superparamagnetic character of the particles.

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Figure S4. In vitro viability of human embryo kidney 293T cells incubated with magnetic droplets at different concentrations.

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Figure S5. Daylight photo of the mouse placed in the center of a magnetic induction coil.

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Figure S6. (a) T2-weighted MR images of the magnetic mesoporous particles of different Fe concentrations in agarose gel. (b) Relaxation rate R2 (1/T2) of magnetic mesoporous particles as a function of Fe concentration. The T2 enhancing capability of the magnetic droplets was investigated by using a 9.4 T Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, using a T2 sequence (TR =1500 ms, TE = 10–640 ms, flip angle =180 deg, slice thickness = 4.0 mm, FOV read = 900 mm). The iron concentration was determined using acid dissolution followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The signal intensity of MRI decreases with the increase of the concentration of the droplets. The r2 relaxivity of the magnetic droplets is measured to be 28.8 mM–1 s–1, demonstrating the potential application in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

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Figure S7. In vivo T2-weighted MRI of tumors on a 7.0 T MRI scanner (a) before and (b) after injection of the MDs. The MRI was conducted on a 7.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging system (BioSpec 70/20USR, Bruker, Germany), using a repetition time (TR) of 3000 ms, an echo time (TE) of 45 ms, a flip angle of 90°, a matrix size of 256 × 256, a section thickness of 0.3 mm, and a field of view (FOV) of 30 mm × 35 mm.

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Figure S8. In vivo T2-weighted MRI of 6 week nude mice without tumor at different time points after intravenous injection of the magnetic droplets.

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Figure S9. Signal to noise ratio of the liver of the 6 week nude mice without tumor after intravenous injection of the magnetic droplets.

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