The most common Chinese characters in order of frequency
The most common Chinese characters in order of frequency
? All characters are presented in falling statistical order with the most commonly used characters first (ie from 1 to 3000). ? Alternative forms of characters are specified within parentheses ? in which case "F" marks full (or traditional) forms, "S" marks simplified
(or modern) forms and "A" marks alternative forms (mostly special numerals). ? Pronunciation is specified according to Pinyin and written within brackets "[...]". After each given pronunciation, a number of possible
translations are listed. If a character corresponds closely to a somewhat longer word (usually a word that contains the character in question), the longer word is given in the list of translations marked with parentheses and a "=". ? After the translation of each character, example words containing the character are often listed ? these words are separated by semi commas. No guarantee is given that all the most common words are listed or that the given examples are very common. ? Some of the listed pronunciations are less used than others, and in those cases translations and examples may lack. ? Grammatical particles, classifiers and other special translations are marked with hooks "". ? Curly brackets "{...}" are mostly used when giving references to characters that are similar to the listed ones either in shape. This is to help you avoid miswriting/misreading. The same marking is also used for references to characters with similar meaning but different pronunciation. ? Additional information of other sorts is sometimes given. ? If the characters are not displayed correctly, verify that the encoding is set to GB2312.
Les 3000 caract?res chinois les plus fr?quents (S: Simplified (Simplifi?), F: Full (Traditionnel), A: Alternative (Variante))
N? Caract?re
Prononciation et explications
[de] ; wde my; gode high, tall;
1
sh?de that's it, that's right; ... sh?...de one who...; . T sh? shu H?nyde. He is one who speaks Chinese. [d?] m?d? goal
[d?] true, real; d?qu? certainly
[y] one, a little; d?-y first, primary; k?nyk?n have a (quick) look at
2
(A )
[y?] (used before tones #4 and #5); y?ge r?n one person; y?d?ng certain; y?y?ng same; y?yu? January [y?] (used before tones #1, #2 and #3); y?dinr a little; y?xi some
{Compare with (T ) yo, which also means "one"}
3
[sh?] to be, ? sh?bush?? is (it) or is (it) not?; sh?fu whether or not, is (it) or is (it) not?
4
[b?] not [b?] (used before tone #4); b? sh? isn't
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[le] ; ! N l?ile! You have come! ! W l?ile! I've gotten
tired! ! N? hole! That's OK (now)! . W zh qngle y? w?i k?ren. I invited only one guest.
[lio] end, finish, settle, dispose of, know clearly, to be able, (= lioji) understand, comprehend; liolia clearly
5
understand, settle (a debt/etc.), to be intelligent; liole to be over/ended/finnish/settled; ! N m?i b?lio! You will not
be able to sell (it)!
[li?o] (= lia?) to survey/watch
{Compare with z child}
6
[r?n] person; r?nl?i humankind; ? yu r?n ma? Is there anybody here? {Compare with r? enter}
7
[w] I, me, my; wmen we, us {Compare with zho seek}
8
[z?i] at; xi?nz?i now; c?nz?i exist
[yu] have, there is; m?iyu haven't, there isn't; ? Yum?iyu? Is there or isn't there? Have (you) or haven't (you)?;
9
yude some
[y?u] (= y?u) again, both... and...
10
[t] he, him, his, (she, her, it, its), (= q?t) other [tu] (in classical texts) someone else, something else
11
(F )
[zh?] this; zh?r here [zh?i] this (before classifier)
12
[zhng] middle, in; Zhnggu? China [zh?ng] hit (a target)
[d?] big; ? dud?? how large?; d?xio size; d?ji everybody
13
[d?i] d?ifu doctor
{Compare with t?i very and m? tree}
14
(F )
[l?i] come; yu?nl?i originally, as a matter of fact; l?ini?n coming/next year(s) [lai] (when used as a verb complement); qlai get up
[sh?ng] above, on, over, top, (go) up, last, previous
15
[shng] shngshng 3rd tone in Mandarin [shang] (when used as a verb complement)
{Compare with xi? under}
16 (F ) [gu?] (= gu?ji) country, state, nation, ; Zhnggu? China; Migu? USA
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17
(F
,)
[g?] [g]
;
g?r?n
personal;
g?r?nzh?y?
personal
homepage
18
[d?o] to, towards, until, arrive, reach
19
(F )
[shu] explain, scold, refer to, (= shuhu?) speak, say; y?ushu persuade [shu?] try to persuade; y?ushu? lobbying
20 (F ) [men] (pluralizing suffix for pronouns and human nouns); wmen we; r?nmen people
[w?i] for, for the sake of, in order to, in this connection
21 (F ) [w?i] do, act, act as, be, become; r?nw?i think or believe that...; yw?i think or believe erroneously that...
{Compare with b?n do}
[z] child, son; zn sons and daughters; ?rzi son
22
[zi] (noun suffix); zhuzi table
{Compare with le }
[h?] together, with, (F ) harmony, gentle, mild, kind, ; h?p?ng peace
[H?] Japan
[huo] nunhuo nice and warm
23
[h?] join in singing, compose a poem in reply
[hu?] mix with water
[hu?] mix, blend
[h?] complete a set in Mahjong
24
[n] (Alternative feminine form: n) you, your; nmen you (plural)
25
[d?] earth, ground, soil, place, position, distance; d?zh the Twelve Terrestrial Branches [de] , ~ly; ku?ide zu walk quickly
26
[ch] go out, come out, in direction out from something, emit, issue, prouce; chxi?n appear, emerge, (F )
[d?o] way, path, channel, way, say, a streak (of light), doctrine, , (= D?oji?o) Taoism;
27
zhdao know
[do] (= do) lead; = lngdo leader
28
[y] also, as well; yx perhaps
29 (F ) [sh?] period, season, (= sh?jin, = sh?hou) time, (= xiosh?) hour
30
[ni?n] year, ; jnni?n this year; m?ngni?n next year; q?ni?n last year; zhngni?n middle age
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[de] ; zude ku?i walk quickly
31
[d?] get, reach, achieve
[di] should
32
[ji?] just, simply, right away; ji?y?o about to (do something); ! Zh? ji?sh? w! This is simply me!; . T ji?y?o q?. He is about to leave.
[n?] that
[n?i] that (before classifier)
[nu?] ch?nnu? deep meditation
33
[nu?] w?nu? helpless, unfortunately
[n] (= n) what? [ni] (= ni before classifier) which?
34
[y?o] want, will, shall, need, important, essential; zhy?o main, fundamental [yo] yoqi? demand
35
[xi?] below, under, (go) down, next (as opposed to previous/last) {Compare with sh?ng above}
36
[y] use, take, according to, because of, in order to; ky OK, may; suy so, therefore, as a result; yw?i beyond, except
37
[shng] give birth, life; xinsheng mister, gentleman, Sir
[hu?] can, able, meet, meeting, society, union, party
38 (F ) [ku?i] ku?ij? accounting
[hu] hu?r moment
39
[z?] from, since, (= z?j) self; z?r?n nature {Compare with m? eye and b?i white}
[zhe]
40
(F )
[zh?o] touch [zhu?] wear clothes, dress, touch
[zho] put in, add, (F ) make move in chess, trick, decieve
41
[q?] go, leave, depart (opposite of l?i)
42
[zh] , it (in classical texts)
[gu?] pass, cross, go by, exceed, ; gu? ml? cross the street; . w q?guo Zhnggu? ling c?. I have gone to China
twice.
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44
[ji] home, house, family; gu?ji nation; d?ji everybody [jie] zhngtinjie all day long; jil (at) home, (in the) family
45
(F )
[xu?] study, learn; xu?xi?o school; xu?sheng student {Compare with z? written character}
46 (F ) [du?] correct, answer, treat, agree, mutual, pair; du?buq excuse me
[k] ~able, (= ky) may, can, (= ksh?) but, however; k'?i loveable, cute; k'n?ng possible, probable, maybe;
47
kkukl? Coca Cola
[k?] k?h?n khan
48
[t] she, her
49
[l] neighbourhood, half kilometer, , (F ,) in, inside, lining; ? nli? where?; n?li there; zh?li here
50
[h?u] queen, (F ) after, behind, ; h?utin the day after tomorrow
51
[xio] small; d?xio size
[me/mo] (F ,) (interrogative suffix) ? sh?nme? what?; ? w?ish?nme? why? ! m?i sh?nme! It doesn't
52
matter!, Never mind!; ? znme? how?
[yo] (S ) youngest, one (e.g. in bus/house/phone numbers)
53
[xn] heart; xioxn be careful; xnl psychology, mentality; zhngxn center
54
[du] many, much, more; dud? how large?; dusho how many/much?
[tin] sky, heaven, god, day, (= tinkng) sky; tinq? weather
55
{ tingn the Ten Heavenly Stems: ji-y-bng-dng-w?-j-gng-xn-r?n-gu (these characters are sometimes used as ordinal numbers}
{Compare with f man and w? without}
56
[?r] (= ?rqi) and, furthermore, (= r?n'?r) yet, even so
57
[n?ng] can, be able; n?ngg?u be capable of; k'n?ng maybe
[ho] good, good to..., easy to...; ! Nho! Hello!
58
[h?o] to like
[ho] hohor in perfectly good condition
59
[du] all [d] (= shud) capital city
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60
[r?n] right, correct, so, like that; sur?n although; hr?n suddenly; dngr?n of course; z?r?n nature
61
(F )
[m?i] (= m?iyu) haven't, there isn't; ? Yum?iyu? Is there or isn't there? Have (you) or haven't (you)? [m?] sink, overflow, disappear, confiscate
62
[r?] sun, (= r?zi) day; r?j? diary; r?gung sunlight {Compare with yu say, m? eye and gn sweet}
63
[y?] , (F ) in, at, for, to, from, by, than {Compare with qin thousand and gn stem}
64
[q] rise, start; qlai get up; du?buq excuse me [qi] (when used as a verb complement)
65
(F )
[h?i] still, yet [hu?n] return, give back
[f] (F ) deliver, utter, express, shoot, emit, develop, expand
66
[f?] (F ) hair
[fa] (F ) t?ufa hair
67
[ch?ng] (= ch?ngw?i, = bi?nch?ng) become, ; ch?nggng succeed; w?nch?ng accomplish, complete, fulfill; ch?ngy idiom
68
[sh?] matter, affair, thing, event, accident, job, responsibility; sh?qing situation
[zh] only, just, merely, ; y? zh mo a cat
69 (F ) [zh] (F ) single, one, only
{Compare with xing brother}
[zu?] do, make; gngzu? work; zu?y? homework
70
[zu?] zu?jian spoil, waste, humiliate, insult
[zu] do
71
[dng] (F ) serve as, (F ) ding-dong [d?ng] (F ) proper, right, equal, (= d?ngzu?) treat as, regard as
72
[xing] think, feel, consider, want, remember
73
[k?n] see, look at, read, think, consider [kn] look after, tend; knshu guard
74
[w?n] language, literature, ; w?nhu? culture; Zhngw?n Chinese (written) language
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[w?] without, nothingness, have not
75 (F ) [m?] n?nm? to give oneself totally to
{Compare with tin heaven}
[ki] open; kish begin dki open, unfold
76 (F ) [kai] (when used as a verb complement)
{Compare with b?ng combine}
77
[shu] hand, a person skilled in something; hushu wave; pishu clap; w?shu shake/clasp hands {Compare with m?o hair}
78 (A ) [sh?] ten; sh?sn thirteen; wsh? fifty; sh?yu? October
79
[y?ng] use; hoy?ng useful; b?y?ng there's no need; shy?ng use, apply {Compare with shui swing}
80
[zh] lord, master, host, god, (= zhy?o) main, primary; zhy? doctrine, ~ism; zh?y? homepage {Compare with w?ng king}
[x?ng] go, OK; x?ngd?ng action, operation, move, get about, act
81
[h?ng] line; y?nh?ng bank; h?ngy? profession [h?ng] sh?h?ngzi rows of trees
[h?ng] (phonetic radical)
82
[fng] side, square; d?fang place; fngmi?n aspect {Compare with w?n ten thousand}
83
[y?u] again, both... and...
84
[r?] like, as, as if, (= r?gu) if; r?c like this
85
[qi?n] in front, previous, ago, former, first; the day before yesterday
86
[su] place; suy so, therefore; suyu all; c?su toilet
87
[bn] basis, origin, edition, ; bnr?n I, me, myself; R?bn Japan {Compare with m? tree}
[ji?n] appear to be, meet with, call on, (= k?njian) see; y?jian idea, view, opinion; tngji?n hear
88 (F ) [xi?n] show, appear, become visible
{Compare with b?i shellfish}
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89
90 91 92
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
(F )
(F )
(A )
(F ) (F ) (F ) (F ) (F ) (F )
(F )
[jng] longitude (both geographic and in Chinese medecin), scripture, constant, regular, , deal with, (= jngj?) manage (a business); yjing already; jnggu? pass, go through; jngy?n experience; jngy?u via, by way of; jngch?ng frequent, daily; Y?jng Book of Changes; [t?u] head, top, first, ; t?ufa hair [tou] sh?tou stone
[mi?n] face, surface, , (F ) wheat flour, (= mi?nti?o) noodle; mi?nbo bread
[gng] public, official; gngl kilometer; b?nggngsh? office; gngs company; gngg?ng public, communal, common; gngg?ngq?ch (public) bus; Lgng (honorable and old) Mr Li [t?ng] same, with; t?ngzh? comrade [t?ng] (F ) h?t?ng lane
[sn] three; d?-sn sh?ji? 3rd World; snyu? March
[y] stop, cease, end, (= yjng) already {Compare with j self, which is "open" on the left side}
[lo] old, venerable, outdated; losh teacher; loh tiger; lo Zhng old Zhang = dear (friend) Mr Zhang [c?ng] from, through, join, follower, secondary [cng] hicngcng murky
[d?ng] move, change, arouce; d?ngw? animal; hu?d?ng activity; y?nd?ng sports
[ling] two (before classifier), 50 grams
[ch?ng] long, lasting, length [zhng] grow up, chief, head, older, elder [zh] realize, sense, inform, tell, (= zhd?o) know; zhshi knowledge [zh?] (= zh?) wit, (= zh?hu?) wisdom, (= zh?l?) intellect
[m?n] (= r?nm?n) people, ; mnzh democracy
[y?ng] appearance, shape, form, manner; zh?y?ng like this; znmey?ng how? in what way?
[xi?n] show, appear, current; xi?nz?i now; fxi?n discover; xi?nd?i modern
[fn] divide, fraction, minute, cent; bifnzhw = 5/100 = 5% [f?n] limits of rights or duty
[jing] shall; jingl?i future [ji?ng] general, a piece in Chinese chess m?ji?ng mahjongg
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