The most common Chinese characters in order of frequency

The most common Chinese characters in order of frequency



? All characters are presented in falling statistical order with the most commonly used characters first (ie from 1 to 3000). ? Alternative forms of characters are specified within parentheses ? in which case "F" marks full (or traditional) forms, "S" marks simplified

(or modern) forms and "A" marks alternative forms (mostly special numerals). ? Pronunciation is specified according to Pinyin and written within brackets "[...]". After each given pronunciation, a number of possible

translations are listed. If a character corresponds closely to a somewhat longer word (usually a word that contains the character in question), the longer word is given in the list of translations marked with parentheses and a "=". ? After the translation of each character, example words containing the character are often listed ? these words are separated by semi commas. No guarantee is given that all the most common words are listed or that the given examples are very common. ? Some of the listed pronunciations are less used than others, and in those cases translations and examples may lack. ? Grammatical particles, classifiers and other special translations are marked with hooks "". ? Curly brackets "{...}" are mostly used when giving references to characters that are similar to the listed ones either in shape. This is to help you avoid miswriting/misreading. The same marking is also used for references to characters with similar meaning but different pronunciation. ? Additional information of other sorts is sometimes given. ? If the characters are not displayed correctly, verify that the encoding is set to GB2312.

Les 3000 caract?res chinois les plus fr?quents (S: Simplified (Simplifi?), F: Full (Traditionnel), A: Alternative (Variante))

N? Caract?re

Prononciation et explications

[de] ; wde my; gode high, tall;

1

sh?de that's it, that's right; ... sh?...de one who...; . T sh? shu H?nyde. He is one who speaks Chinese. [d?] m?d? goal

[d?] true, real; d?qu? certainly

[y] one, a little; d?-y first, primary; k?nyk?n have a (quick) look at

2

(A )

[y?] (used before tones #4 and #5); y?ge r?n one person; y?d?ng certain; y?y?ng same; y?yu? January [y?] (used before tones #1, #2 and #3); y?dinr a little; y?xi some

{Compare with (T ) yo, which also means "one"}

3

[sh?] to be, ? sh?bush?? is (it) or is (it) not?; sh?fu whether or not, is (it) or is (it) not?

4

[b?] not [b?] (used before tone #4); b? sh? isn't

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[le] ; ! N l?ile! You have come! ! W l?ile! I've gotten

tired! ! N? hole! That's OK (now)! . W zh qngle y? w?i k?ren. I invited only one guest.

[lio] end, finish, settle, dispose of, know clearly, to be able, (= lioji) understand, comprehend; liolia clearly

5

understand, settle (a debt/etc.), to be intelligent; liole to be over/ended/finnish/settled; ! N m?i b?lio! You will not

be able to sell (it)!

[li?o] (= lia?) to survey/watch

{Compare with z child}

6

[r?n] person; r?nl?i humankind; ? yu r?n ma? Is there anybody here? {Compare with r? enter}

7

[w] I, me, my; wmen we, us {Compare with zho seek}

8

[z?i] at; xi?nz?i now; c?nz?i exist

[yu] have, there is; m?iyu haven't, there isn't; ? Yum?iyu? Is there or isn't there? Have (you) or haven't (you)?;

9

yude some

[y?u] (= y?u) again, both... and...

10

[t] he, him, his, (she, her, it, its), (= q?t) other [tu] (in classical texts) someone else, something else

11

(F )

[zh?] this; zh?r here [zh?i] this (before classifier)

12

[zhng] middle, in; Zhnggu? China [zh?ng] hit (a target)

[d?] big; ? dud?? how large?; d?xio size; d?ji everybody

13

[d?i] d?ifu doctor

{Compare with t?i very and m? tree}

14

(F )

[l?i] come; yu?nl?i originally, as a matter of fact; l?ini?n coming/next year(s) [lai] (when used as a verb complement); qlai get up

[sh?ng] above, on, over, top, (go) up, last, previous

15

[shng] shngshng 3rd tone in Mandarin [shang] (when used as a verb complement)

{Compare with xi? under}

16 (F ) [gu?] (= gu?ji) country, state, nation, ; Zhnggu? China; Migu? USA

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17

(F

,)

[g?] [g]

;

g?r?n

personal;

g?r?nzh?y?

personal

homepage

18

[d?o] to, towards, until, arrive, reach

19

(F )

[shu] explain, scold, refer to, (= shuhu?) speak, say; y?ushu persuade [shu?] try to persuade; y?ushu? lobbying

20 (F ) [men] (pluralizing suffix for pronouns and human nouns); wmen we; r?nmen people

[w?i] for, for the sake of, in order to, in this connection

21 (F ) [w?i] do, act, act as, be, become; r?nw?i think or believe that...; yw?i think or believe erroneously that...

{Compare with b?n do}

[z] child, son; zn sons and daughters; ?rzi son

22

[zi] (noun suffix); zhuzi table

{Compare with le }

[h?] together, with, (F ) harmony, gentle, mild, kind, ; h?p?ng peace

[H?] Japan

[huo] nunhuo nice and warm

23

[h?] join in singing, compose a poem in reply

[hu?] mix with water

[hu?] mix, blend

[h?] complete a set in Mahjong

24

[n] (Alternative feminine form: n) you, your; nmen you (plural)

25

[d?] earth, ground, soil, place, position, distance; d?zh the Twelve Terrestrial Branches [de] , ~ly; ku?ide zu walk quickly

26

[ch] go out, come out, in direction out from something, emit, issue, prouce; chxi?n appear, emerge, (F )

[d?o] way, path, channel, way, say, a streak (of light), doctrine, , (= D?oji?o) Taoism;

27

zhdao know

[do] (= do) lead; = lngdo leader

28

[y] also, as well; yx perhaps

29 (F ) [sh?] period, season, (= sh?jin, = sh?hou) time, (= xiosh?) hour

30

[ni?n] year, ; jnni?n this year; m?ngni?n next year; q?ni?n last year; zhngni?n middle age

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[de] ; zude ku?i walk quickly

31

[d?] get, reach, achieve

[di] should

32

[ji?] just, simply, right away; ji?y?o about to (do something); ! Zh? ji?sh? w! This is simply me!; . T ji?y?o q?. He is about to leave.

[n?] that

[n?i] that (before classifier)

[nu?] ch?nnu? deep meditation

33

[nu?] w?nu? helpless, unfortunately

[n] (= n) what? [ni] (= ni before classifier) which?

34

[y?o] want, will, shall, need, important, essential; zhy?o main, fundamental [yo] yoqi? demand

35

[xi?] below, under, (go) down, next (as opposed to previous/last) {Compare with sh?ng above}

36

[y] use, take, according to, because of, in order to; ky OK, may; suy so, therefore, as a result; yw?i beyond, except

37

[shng] give birth, life; xinsheng mister, gentleman, Sir

[hu?] can, able, meet, meeting, society, union, party

38 (F ) [ku?i] ku?ij? accounting

[hu] hu?r moment

39

[z?] from, since, (= z?j) self; z?r?n nature {Compare with m? eye and b?i white}

[zhe]

40

(F )

[zh?o] touch [zhu?] wear clothes, dress, touch

[zho] put in, add, (F ) make move in chess, trick, decieve

41

[q?] go, leave, depart (opposite of l?i)

42

[zh] , it (in classical texts)

[gu?] pass, cross, go by, exceed, ; gu? ml? cross the street; . w q?guo Zhnggu? ling c?. I have gone to China

twice.

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44

[ji] home, house, family; gu?ji nation; d?ji everybody [jie] zhngtinjie all day long; jil (at) home, (in the) family

45

(F )

[xu?] study, learn; xu?xi?o school; xu?sheng student {Compare with z? written character}

46 (F ) [du?] correct, answer, treat, agree, mutual, pair; du?buq excuse me

[k] ~able, (= ky) may, can, (= ksh?) but, however; k'?i loveable, cute; k'n?ng possible, probable, maybe;

47

kkukl? Coca Cola

[k?] k?h?n khan

48

[t] she, her

49

[l] neighbourhood, half kilometer, , (F ,) in, inside, lining; ? nli? where?; n?li there; zh?li here

50

[h?u] queen, (F ) after, behind, ; h?utin the day after tomorrow

51

[xio] small; d?xio size

[me/mo] (F ,) (interrogative suffix) ? sh?nme? what?; ? w?ish?nme? why? ! m?i sh?nme! It doesn't

52

matter!, Never mind!; ? znme? how?

[yo] (S ) youngest, one (e.g. in bus/house/phone numbers)

53

[xn] heart; xioxn be careful; xnl psychology, mentality; zhngxn center

54

[du] many, much, more; dud? how large?; dusho how many/much?

[tin] sky, heaven, god, day, (= tinkng) sky; tinq? weather

55

{ tingn the Ten Heavenly Stems: ji-y-bng-dng-w?-j-gng-xn-r?n-gu (these characters are sometimes used as ordinal numbers}

{Compare with f man and w? without}

56

[?r] (= ?rqi) and, furthermore, (= r?n'?r) yet, even so

57

[n?ng] can, be able; n?ngg?u be capable of; k'n?ng maybe

[ho] good, good to..., easy to...; ! Nho! Hello!

58

[h?o] to like

[ho] hohor in perfectly good condition

59

[du] all [d] (= shud) capital city

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60

[r?n] right, correct, so, like that; sur?n although; hr?n suddenly; dngr?n of course; z?r?n nature

61

(F )

[m?i] (= m?iyu) haven't, there isn't; ? Yum?iyu? Is there or isn't there? Have (you) or haven't (you)? [m?] sink, overflow, disappear, confiscate

62

[r?] sun, (= r?zi) day; r?j? diary; r?gung sunlight {Compare with yu say, m? eye and gn sweet}

63

[y?] , (F ) in, at, for, to, from, by, than {Compare with qin thousand and gn stem}

64

[q] rise, start; qlai get up; du?buq excuse me [qi] (when used as a verb complement)

65

(F )

[h?i] still, yet [hu?n] return, give back

[f] (F ) deliver, utter, express, shoot, emit, develop, expand

66

[f?] (F ) hair

[fa] (F ) t?ufa hair

67

[ch?ng] (= ch?ngw?i, = bi?nch?ng) become, ; ch?nggng succeed; w?nch?ng accomplish, complete, fulfill; ch?ngy idiom

68

[sh?] matter, affair, thing, event, accident, job, responsibility; sh?qing situation

[zh] only, just, merely, ; y? zh mo a cat

69 (F ) [zh] (F ) single, one, only

{Compare with xing brother}

[zu?] do, make; gngzu? work; zu?y? homework

70

[zu?] zu?jian spoil, waste, humiliate, insult

[zu] do

71

[dng] (F ) serve as, (F ) ding-dong [d?ng] (F ) proper, right, equal, (= d?ngzu?) treat as, regard as

72

[xing] think, feel, consider, want, remember

73

[k?n] see, look at, read, think, consider [kn] look after, tend; knshu guard

74

[w?n] language, literature, ; w?nhu? culture; Zhngw?n Chinese (written) language

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[w?] without, nothingness, have not

75 (F ) [m?] n?nm? to give oneself totally to

{Compare with tin heaven}

[ki] open; kish begin dki open, unfold

76 (F ) [kai] (when used as a verb complement)

{Compare with b?ng combine}

77

[shu] hand, a person skilled in something; hushu wave; pishu clap; w?shu shake/clasp hands {Compare with m?o hair}

78 (A ) [sh?] ten; sh?sn thirteen; wsh? fifty; sh?yu? October

79

[y?ng] use; hoy?ng useful; b?y?ng there's no need; shy?ng use, apply {Compare with shui swing}

80

[zh] lord, master, host, god, (= zhy?o) main, primary; zhy? doctrine, ~ism; zh?y? homepage {Compare with w?ng king}

[x?ng] go, OK; x?ngd?ng action, operation, move, get about, act

81

[h?ng] line; y?nh?ng bank; h?ngy? profession [h?ng] sh?h?ngzi rows of trees

[h?ng] (phonetic radical)

82

[fng] side, square; d?fang place; fngmi?n aspect {Compare with w?n ten thousand}

83

[y?u] again, both... and...

84

[r?] like, as, as if, (= r?gu) if; r?c like this

85

[qi?n] in front, previous, ago, former, first; the day before yesterday

86

[su] place; suy so, therefore; suyu all; c?su toilet

87

[bn] basis, origin, edition, ; bnr?n I, me, myself; R?bn Japan {Compare with m? tree}

[ji?n] appear to be, meet with, call on, (= k?njian) see; y?jian idea, view, opinion; tngji?n hear

88 (F ) [xi?n] show, appear, become visible

{Compare with b?i shellfish}

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89

90 91 92

93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106

(F )

(F )

(A )

(F ) (F ) (F ) (F ) (F ) (F )

(F )

[jng] longitude (both geographic and in Chinese medecin), scripture, constant, regular, , deal with, (= jngj?) manage (a business); yjing already; jnggu? pass, go through; jngy?n experience; jngy?u via, by way of; jngch?ng frequent, daily; Y?jng Book of Changes; [t?u] head, top, first, ; t?ufa hair [tou] sh?tou stone

[mi?n] face, surface, , (F ) wheat flour, (= mi?nti?o) noodle; mi?nbo bread

[gng] public, official; gngl kilometer; b?nggngsh? office; gngs company; gngg?ng public, communal, common; gngg?ngq?ch (public) bus; Lgng (honorable and old) Mr Li [t?ng] same, with; t?ngzh? comrade [t?ng] (F ) h?t?ng lane

[sn] three; d?-sn sh?ji? 3rd World; snyu? March

[y] stop, cease, end, (= yjng) already {Compare with j self, which is "open" on the left side}

[lo] old, venerable, outdated; losh teacher; loh tiger; lo Zhng old Zhang = dear (friend) Mr Zhang [c?ng] from, through, join, follower, secondary [cng] hicngcng murky

[d?ng] move, change, arouce; d?ngw? animal; hu?d?ng activity; y?nd?ng sports

[ling] two (before classifier), 50 grams

[ch?ng] long, lasting, length [zhng] grow up, chief, head, older, elder [zh] realize, sense, inform, tell, (= zhd?o) know; zhshi knowledge [zh?] (= zh?) wit, (= zh?hu?) wisdom, (= zh?l?) intellect

[m?n] (= r?nm?n) people, ; mnzh democracy

[y?ng] appearance, shape, form, manner; zh?y?ng like this; znmey?ng how? in what way?

[xi?n] show, appear, current; xi?nz?i now; fxi?n discover; xi?nd?i modern

[fn] divide, fraction, minute, cent; bifnzhw = 5/100 = 5% [f?n] limits of rights or duty

[jing] shall; jingl?i future [ji?ng] general, a piece in Chinese chess m?ji?ng mahjongg

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