LECTURE 8 Pipelining: Datapathand Control
嚜燉ECTURE 8
Pipelining:
Datapath and Control
PIPELINED DATAPATH
As with the single-cycle and multi-cycle implementations, we will start by looking at
the datapath for pipelining.
We already know that pipelining involves breaking up instructions into five stages:
? IF 每 Instruction Fetch
? ID 每 Instruction Decode
? EX 每 Execution
? MEM 每 Memory Access
? WB 每 Write Back
We will start by taking a look at the single-cycle datapath, divided into stages.
PIPELINED DATAPATH
PIPELINED DATAPATH
As we can see, each of the steps maps nicely in order onto the single-cycle datapath.
Instruction fields and data generally move from left-to-right as they progress through
each stage.
The two exceptions are:
? The WB stage places the result back into the register file in the middle of the
datapath 角 leads to data hazards.
? The selection of the next value of the PC 每 either the incremented PC or the branch
address 角 leads to control hazards.
PIPELINED DATAPATH
One way to visualize pipelining
is to consider the execution of
each instruction independently,
as if it has the datapath all to
itself.
We can place these datapaths
on a timeline to see their
relationship.
The stages are represented by
the datapath element being
used, shaded according to use.
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