Medieval Art and Christian Liturgy



Medieval Art and Christian Liturgy

M & W 2:00-3:20; VKC 210

Syllabus *ARLT 100 Spring: 2013

Carolyn Malone

ARLT 100 Medieval Art and Christian Liturgy

This introductory course examines the Christian liturgical year in relation to medieval art and architecture of Western Europe. The sacraments of the Church and the feast days of the year (Advent to the Assumption of the Virgin) and the important role that visual culture played in their celebration will be examined. Primary readings from the Bible, sermons, and monastic customs as well as secondary sources concerning particular feasts and their depiction from the fourth to the thirteenth centuries will be assigned for discussion. Comparison of artistic imagery and sermons will help to define the devotional significance of each feast. Visual imagery (posted in advance on the web) will be decoded in class and related to the readings. The liturgy will be related to imagery (manuscripts, mosaics, sculpture) and to the architectural and historical context in which it was practiced.

*It may be necessary to make some adjustments to the syllabus during the semester.

Office Hours: M 10:00-12:00, VKC 373B & by appointment cmalone@usc.edu

Reading Assignments:

Weekly assignments are listed on the attached sheets.s

All assignments are in the Course Reader ARLT 100.

Purchase syllabus University Graphics (Magic Machine) 213 7441511; 3309 So. Hoover (University Village)

The images you need to remember can be found at

Discussion:

It is important to read the assignments before class since they will be discussed on the date for which they are listed. These assignments are located in Part 1 and Part 2 of the reader.

Conference:

Individual conferences will be scheduled to discuss papers.

Papers: There will be two six-page papers, and a well-written take-home final of at least 6 pages. The Paper Assignment readings are located at the end of Part 2 of the course reader.

They will be due on:

February 20: 1st paper due at beginning of class

April 1: 2nd Paper due at beginning of class

May 13, Monday, 2:00 : Paper/Final Exam: well-written take-home final due in classroom.

Examinations:

There will be a mid-term on February 27 during class

and a take-home final on May 13, Monday, 2:00 (same as paper above May 13, Monday, 2:00)

Grades: Each paper and exam constitutes a fourth of the final grade. Class discussion helps in borderline cases.

Statement for Students with Disabilities

Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to me as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-0776.

Statement on Academic Integrity

USC seeks to maintain an optimal learning environment. General principles of academic honesty include the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others, the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an instructor, and the obligations both to protect one’s own academic work from misuse by others as well as to avoid using another’s work as one’s own. All students are expected to understand and abide by these principles. Scampus, the Student Guidebook, contains the Student Conduct Code in Section 11.00, while the recommended sanctions are located in Appendix A: . Students will be referred to the Office of Student Judicial Affairs and Community Standards for further review, should there be any suspicion of academic dishonesty. The Review process can be found at: .

Cheating and Plagiarism

Cheating on an exam will result in an automatic failure for the course. Plagiarism on a paper will result in a failure for the report or paper.

Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the appropriation and subsequent passing off of another's ideas or words as one's own. If the words or ideas of another are used, acknowledgment of the original source must be made through recognized reference practices. Use of another's ideas or words must be properly acknowledged as follows:

Direct Quotations: Any use of a direct quotation must be acknowledged by a footnote citation and by either quotation marks or appropriate indentation and spacing.

Paraphrase: If another's ideas are borrowed in whole or in part and are merely recast in the student's own words, proper acknowledgment must, nonetheless, be made. A footnote or proper internal citation must follow the paraphrased material.

The Types of Academic Dishonesty:

1. Submitting a paper written or obtained from another person.

2. Using another person to complete homework assignments or take-home exams without the knowledge and consent of the teacher.

3. Using a paper or essay in more than one class without the consent of the teacher.

4. Obtaining a copy of an examination in advance without the teacher’s consent.

5. Changing academic records outside of normal procedures and/or petitions.

Reading:

Please note that the readings in Part 1 of the course reader follow in the order listed in the calendar below.

In Part 2, however, you will find the following readings:

McClure, Pilgrimage

Nardone, Christian year

Rock, Church of Our Father

Symons, Monastic Agreement

Paper Assignment readings

January 14: Introduction

January 16: Baptism 3rd century

J. Danielou, The Bible and the Liturgy, Notre Dame, 1956, pp. 35-53.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London, 1919), pp. 45-48.

January 21: Holiday

January 23: The Eucharist

The Bible: Genesis: Ch. 14; 18:1-15; 22; Hebrews 7; Luke 22:14-25.

J. Danielou, The Bible and the Liturgy, pp. 142-152, 158-161.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, N.Y., 1991, pp. 3-21.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 4-10, 12-15.

January 28: Burials of Saints in Rome

F. van der Meer, Early Christian Art, pp. 81-90.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 33-45.

January 30: Early Christian Liturgy and the Holy Sites in Palestine

C. Couasnon, The Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, pp. 6-7, 12-15.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 21-33.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 16-20.

February 4: Early Christian Liturgy in Fifth-Century Rome

D. Sieger, “Visual Metaphor as Theology: Leo the Great’s Sermons on the Incarnation and the Arch Mosaics of S. Maria Maggiore,” Gesta 1987:83-91.

J.K. Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, (Oxford 1993), pp. 61-67.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 53-56.

February 6: Baptism during the 5th century

A. Wharton, “Ritual and Reconstructed Meaning: The Neonian Baptistery in Ravenna,” The Art Bulletin 1987:358-375

February 11: Early Christian Liturgy in the West, Sixth-Century,

S. Apollinare Nuovo (see paper assignment, course reader Part 2 near the end)

February 13: Appointment for Paper Discussion

February 18: President’s Day Holiday

February 20: ***First paper due in class

February 20: Liturgy in Sixth-Century Ravenna & Constantinople

T. Mathews, “The icon, the Byzantine religious image,”Art and Architecture in Byzantium and Armenia,Variorium,1995,XIV, pp.9-13.

February 25: Review for Mid-Term

February 27: Mid-Term

The Liturgical Year

March 4: Introduction and Advent (Four Sundays before Christmas)

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 9-17; 62-69.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, p. 50.

R. B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (London, 1844), vol 1, pp. 601-619.

March 6: Christmas

A. Katzenellenbogen, The Sculptual Programs of Chartres Cathedral, pp. 10-15.

J. K. Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, pp. 63-65, 92-95.

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 18-26.

E. N. Stone, Sermon Againgst Jews, Pagans, and Arians, concerning the Creed, University of Washington Publications, 1928, vol. 4, pp. 195-214.

B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (London, 1844) vol 1, pp. 5-23.

March 11: Epiphany (January 6)

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp.26-27, 45-56.

B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church ( London, 1844) vol 2., pp. 25-37, 55-59.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 11, 20-23.

March 13: Candelmas (Purification, Presentation, Feb. 2)

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 35-45.

M. Fassler, "Liturgy ad Sacred History in the Twelfth-Century Tympana at Chartres, Art Bulletin, 1993, pp/ 510-517.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, p. 65.

B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (London, 1844) vol. 1, pp. 135-151.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), p. 23.

March 18-23 Spring Break

March 25: Appointments Paper Discussion

Paschal Cycle

March 27: IV. Lent (Quadragesima) Septuagesima (70 days before Easter) Sexagesima (60) Quingesima (50)

Ash Wednesday

O.K. Werckmeister, “Lintel fragment representing Eve from Saint-Lazare Autun, Journal of the Waqrburg and Courtauld Institutes, 35(1074): 1-30

C. Farr, The Book of Kells, pp. 41-51, 60-75, 88-103, 142-143.

T. Symons, ed., Regularis Concordia, pp. 32-34

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 46-49, 57-56.

D. Rock, The Church of Our Fathers, v. IV, (London, 1905), pp. 72-82.

R. Morris, Blicking Homelies, (London, 1880), pp. 26-35.

B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric, vol 1, pp. 99-109.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 24-28.

April 1: 2nd Paper Due in class

Paschal Time

Holy Week:

Palm Sunday

C. Malone, Façade as Spectacle: Ritual and Ideology at Wells Cathedral, (Leiden & Boston, 2004), pp. 131-143.

T. Symons, ed. Regularis Concordia, pp. 34-36.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 58-60.

D. Rock, Church of Our Fathers, pp. 78-84.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 29-33.

April 3: Holy Thursday

C. Farr, The Book of Kells, 104-119, 131-139, 140-143, 152-161.

*T. Symons, ed. Regularis Concordia , pp. 38-42.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, 25-27.

D. Rock, Church of Our Fathers, pp. 85-99.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 33-34.

April 8: Good Friday

R. Deshman, "The Exalted Servant: the Ruler Theology of the Prayerbook of Charles the Bald," Viator 11(1980): 384-403.

T. Symons, ed. Regularis Concordia, pp. 41-46

D. Rock, Church of Our Fathers, pp. 99-106.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 35-38.

April 10: Holy Saturday

T. Kelly, The Exultet of Southern Italy, (NY -Ox , 1996), 3-7, 119-121, 128-129, 134-139, 150-153, 204-207.

T. Symons, ed. Regularis Concordia, pp. 47-49.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 27-29.

D. Rock, Church of Our Fathers, pp. 106-120.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 38-39.

April 15: Easter Sunday ( Easter 1213 is April 14)

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 57-58.Fol. 51v.

C. Malone, Façade as Spectacle, pp. 67-69, 176-179.

T. Symons, ed. Regularis Concordia, pp. 49-52.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 29-31.

B. Thorpe,ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church (London, 1844), Vol. 1, pp.221-29; vol. 2, pp. 263-283.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp.

April 17: Octave of Easter

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 69-77.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year,

B. Thorpe, ed. Homilies of Aelfric, vol. I, p. 231-239.

McClure and Feltoe, trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp.39-40.

April 22: Ascension (40 days after Easter)

Acts 1

R. Deshman, "Another Look at the Disappearing Christ: Corporeal and Spiritual Vision in Early Medieval Images," The Art Bulletin, 79(1997):518-546.

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, ( Princeton, 1995), pp. 58-62. .

B. Thorpe., ed. Homilies of Aelfric: The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church. London, 1844. vol 1, pp. 295-311.

McClure and Feltoe, ed. and trans.The Pilgrimage of Etheriam (Egeria), (London,1919), pp. 41-44.

April 24: Pentecost (50 days after Easter)

A. Katzenellenbogen, “The Central Tympanum at Vezelay, “The Art Bulletin 1944:141-151.

C. Malone, Façade as Spectacle, pp. 154-56.

R. Deshman, The Benedictional of Aethelwold, (Princeton, 1995), pp. 89-92.

R. Nardone, The Story of the Christian Year, pp. 62-63.

R. Morris, Blicking Homelies, (London, 1880), pp. 130-136.

April 29: Assumption of the Virgin (August 15)

A. Katzenellenbogen, Chartres, pp. 56-70, 76.

C. Malone, Façade as Spectacle, pp. 44-51.

J. K. Elliott, The Apocryphal New Testament, pp. 695-697.

May 13, Monday, 2:00 : Take home Final Exam/Paper due in classroom.

You should refer not only to any readings in the reader accompanying the paper assignment but also to those listed for class discussion on the same subject.

February 20: First Paper:

Explain in a 6 page typed essay the meaning of three pairs of mosaics from S. Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy. See Color photos on web. On the basis of the Gospels (reprinted at the end of the second part of the reader) identify each scene of each pair of mosaics: the scenes of Christ’s miracles are located on the north side of the nave, and the events of his Passion are located on the south side.

Explain the relationship of each of the facing pairs.Take into account the location not only on the north and south sides of the nave but also on the west or east end of the nave. How do these Gospel narratives related to the ritual that took place below and to Christian belief?

You should consider these unknown pairs in relation to the images discussed in class that are opposite or adjacent to them.

Moreover, consider what you have learned in class lecture about other Early Christian and Byzantine mosaics and wall paintings.

April 1: Second Paper: You are to interpret in a 6 page essay the manuscript illumination in the Stammheim Missal representing the Nativity.

In relation to the central image of the Virgin and Christ Child discuss the hidden meanings of the images framing the manuscript page and the inscriptions that these figures carry. (Note the translations of the Latin on these scrolls on the photocopy of the manuscript page.)

Consider how these peripheral images and the biblical inscriptions refer to the Virgin and to Christ’s mission. Compare these figures and their biblical texts to Honorius of Autun’s interpretation of similar imagery in sermons as found in his Speculum Ecclesiae. (See readings in Male, Gothic Image), pp. 38-43, 146-15. Also reflect on the image after reading Augustine’s sermon for the Nativity, which here follows, and Aelfric’s sermon found in the course readings.

Finally, considering what aspect of the New Testament narrative is emphasized, develop how the location of the Christ Child alludes to the importance of the Incarnation for the Christian Church. (Refer to Deshman, The Benedictional of St. Aethelwold, pp. 21 and 23. & A. Katzenellenbogen, Chartres, pp. 10-15 for a similar relationship of the Virgin and Child in the north portal of the west facade at Chartres from around the same time.)

May 13, Monday, 2:00 : Take home Final Exam/paper (6 pages) topic of your choice based on readings and class lecture/discussion following the mid-term. Due in classroom.

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