AL/HR-TP-1997-0043 UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ARMSTRONG LABORATORY ... - DTIC

AL/HR-TP-1997-0043

UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ARMSTRONG LABORATORY

463L PALLET AND DUNNAGE SYSTEM EVALUATION

John Schroeder, 1Lt, USAF Christine Martinez, 1Lt, USAF

HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTORATE Logistics Research Division 2698 G Street

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433 7604

Glen Galloway Battelle Memorial Institute 5100 Springfield Pike, Suite 219

Dayton, Ohio 45431

19981201 114

October 1997

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

X^f:1",? /"'?TV ft ^' V';.'

Human Resources Directorate Logistics Research Division 2698 G Street Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7604

NOTICES

When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely Government-related procurement, the United States Government incurs no responsibility or any obligation whatsoever. The fact that the Government may have formulated or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication, or otherwise in any manner construed, as licensing the holder, or any other person or corporation, or as conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.

The Public Affairs Office has reviewed this paper and it is releasable to the National Technical Information Service, including foreign nationals.

This paper has been reviewed and approved for publication.

\Ak/ \ tfOLrvcXs--

JOHN P. SCHROEDER, ILt, USAF Research Scientist

LpUISM. JOHNSON M Lt Col, USAF Ghie% Logistics Researchpivision

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank/

2. REPORT DATE

October 1997

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

463L Pallet and Dunnage System Evaluation

E. AUTHOR(S)

John Schroeder, ILt, USAF Christine Martinez, lLt, USAF Glen Galloway

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Battelle Memorial Institute 5100 Springfield Pike, Suite 219 Dayton, Ohio 45431

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Final- Dec 96 to May 97

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

C - F33657-92-D-2055 PE -63106F PR - 2745 TA-00 WU-20

8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)

Armstrong Laboratory Logistics Research Division 2698 G Street Wright-Patterson AFB OH 45433-7604

10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

AL/HR-TP-1997-0043

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Armstrong Laboratory Monitor: lLt Christine Martinez, AL/HRGA, DSN 785-9662

12a. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words!

This report provides details and results of the pallet system study performed by Battelle Memorial Institute under the guidance and sponsorship of Armstrong Laboratory, Logistics Research Division. The six-month study focused on the 463L pallet system, which is the core component of the air cargo mobility system. The study concluded that the current 463L pallet has been effective at moving large amounts of cargo for decades. Despite this effectiveness, the pallet is susceptible to damage and, thus, frequent and costly repair. As a possible remedy to this problem, an improved pallet design could greatly reduce damage and subsequent costly repair. As a major subtask to this effort, recycled plastic lumber was examined as a substitute for wooden dunnage. The evaluation of plastic lumber determined it to be a technically and functionally appropriate replacement for wood.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

pallet aerial port

dunnage transportation

recycled plastic 463L system

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

49

16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT

Unclassified

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

SAR

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) (EG)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18 Designed using Perform Pro, WHS/DIOR, Oct 94

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Appendices

ii

List of Figures

ii

List of Abbreviations

iii

1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

1

2. INTRODUCTION

2

3. APPROACH

5

4. RESULTS

6

4.1 463L Pallet System Description

6

4.1.1 Pallet

6

4.1.2 Cargo Net

6

4.1.3 Chains, Straps, and Devices

7

4.1.4 Dunnage

7

4.1.5 Forklift

7

4.1.6 K-Loader

7

4.1.7 Aircraft Rail System

8

4.2 Pallet and Net Usage

8

4.3 Pallet Damage

10

4.4 Pallet Repair Costs

11

4.5 Dunnage Usage

12

4.6 Dunnage Problems

13

4.7 Plastic Lumber

13

5. RECOMMENDATIONS

16

5.1 Updated Pallet Design

16

5.2 Pallet Availability Plan

16

5.3 Updated Technical Orders

17

5.4 Pallet Damage Detection

17

5.5 Tools for Pallet Build-up

17

5.6 Pallet Accountability and Tracking

17

5.7 Proper Maintenance of Aircraft Roller Systems

18

5.8 Proper Storage Facilities

18

5.9 Replace Wooden Dunnage with Plastic Lumber

19

5.10 Plastic Lumber Design Improvements

19

6. CONCLUSIONS

20

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A: Literature Review

Appendix B: Pallet Life Cycle Functional Model

Appendix C: Equipment Recovery Charts from Bosnia

Appendix D: Evaluation and Testing of Plastic Dunnage

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Loaded 463L Pallet Figure 2: Forklift Figure 3: K-Loader Figure 4: Aircraft Rail System Figure 5: Staging Yard Figure 6: Pallet Removal From Stack Figure 7: Storage Area Figure 8: Pallets as Wall Supports Figure 9: Pallets as Walkways Figure 10: Damaged D-rings Figure 11: Pallet Skin Separation Figure 12: Heavily Loaded Pallet Figure 13: Brand New Pallet Figure 14: Pallet with Skin Separation Figure 15: Marshalling Area Figure 16: Wood Dunnage as Protective Flooring Figure 17: Used Wooden Dunnage Figure 18: New Wooden Dunnage Figure 19: ReNew Plastic Dunnage Figure 20: HCU-10/C Air Cargo Pallet Figure 21: SAVI RF Tag for Tracking Figure 22: Identification Board with Laser Card Figure 23: Weathering Conditions: A Contingency Operation Figure 24: Plastic Dunnage at Ramstein AB

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Pallet Repairs Table 2: Wooden vs Plastic Dunnage Table3: Ramstein AFB Cost Comparison

A-l

B-l

C-l

D-l

6

7

' ? ? 8 9 9 9 10 1? 1? 1 1 11 12 12 13 13 14 16 18 18 19 ? 19

11 15 15

n

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download