Pharmacotherapy of



Pharmacotherapy of ____COPD___________________

Tri Nguyen, PharmD Candidate 2007

|Epidemiology |Prevalence: |

| |-1996( over 16 million COPD sufferers (14.2 million chronic bronchitis, 2 million emphysema) |

| |-4th most common cause of death in U.S. |

| | |

| |Cost burden: |

| |-COPD is the second leading cause of disability in the U.S. |

| |-1997( over 13 million physician office visits for COPD and 634,000 hospitalizations |

| |-Economic impact estimated at greater than $23 billion annually |

| | |

|Disease State |The American Thoracic Society defines COPD as a disease state characterized by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic |

|Definition |bronchitis and emphysema where airflow obstruction is generally progressive, maybe accompanied by airway hyperreactivity and maybe |

| |partially reversible. Chronic bronchitis is defined as recurrent mucus secretion into the bronchial tree with cough occurring on most days|

| |during a period of 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years. Chronic emphysema is defined as abnormal permanent enlargement of|

| |the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls. |

| | |

| |The NHLBI and WHO have proposed that COPD be redefined as a disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation caused by abnormal |

| |inflammatory reaction to the chronic inhalation of particles. |

| | |

| |Disease Staging: |

| | |

| |Stage 0: -chronic symptoms, exposure to risk factors, normal spirometry |

| |Stage 1 (Mild) : FEV1/FVC 80%, with or without symptoms |

| |Stage 2: (Moderate): FEV1/FVC ................
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