TOPIC IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER:



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US HISTORY 8- Course Study Guide

Some Ways to Study:

TEXTBOOK- CHAPTERS 14-26

Use Chapter Study Guides!

US HISTORY CRASH COURSES- Linked on my site!

Some good ones:

Reconstruction and 1876

Westward Expansion

Progressive Era

Great Depression

World War II- Homefront

Civil Rights Movement

TOPICS IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER:

• Reconstruction

• Moving West

• Industrialization

• Progressives

• Imperialism

• WWI

• 1920s

• Great Depression/New Deal

• WWII

• Post WWII (abroad and home front)

General terms you should be familiar with:

Economic:

ISSUES DEALING WITH $

Social:

ISSUES DEALING WITH PEOPLE

Political:

ISSUES DEALING WITH GOVERNMENT

Revenue:

INCOME

Commerce:

TRADE/BUSINESS

Boycott:

REFUSE TO BUY (PROTEST)

Guerilla Warfare:

SURPRISE ATTACKS USING KNOWLEDGE OF LAND (LOCALS)

Reconstruction:

• Lincoln’s 10% Plan (allowing the South to rejoin the union easily)

• _______________ ___________________ take control over Reconstruction after Lincoln’s death

• Radical Republicans- Strict requirements on South to reenter Union; Military in South to be sure southerners were in compliance with Reconstruction; fought freedmen’s rights

• 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments:

• Freedmen’s Bureau: How did this help freedmen? Give one example:

• South Fights to regain control!

o Define poll tax:

o Define literacy test:

o Sharecropping—why was this a system of debt?

o Define Jim Crow Laws:

-Plessy v. Ferguson- Supreme Court justified (ok) segregation based on "separate but equal" (later overturned Brown v. Board of Education)

Moving West:

Causes:

• Define: Homestead Act:

• Railroads connect West to East

• Gold Rush: boom towns

• Cattle Kingdom: cowboy; ranches

Effects:

• Battles of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee are examples that indicate the kind of relationship between settlers and Native Americans. How did the movement west affect the relationship between Natives and settlers?

Industrialization:

• Factors of Industrialization: Natural Resources; Human Element (entrepreneurs, working class), Capital (money, investments).

• Define Capitalism:

• Define robber baron:

-robber barons: exploit (exploitation-to take advantage of)

• Define “captain of industry”:

• When demand is high and supply is low, the price goes _____________.

When demand is low and supply is high, the price goes _______________.

• Inventions: electric light bulb (Thomas Edison), telegraph (Samuel Morse), telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)

• Assembly line: a means to mass produce goods—price of goods goes ______________.

• Big Business: Often big business men (monopolists) referred to as “robber barons”

o Monopoly: A company that controls all of the business in one industry. No competition

o Trust: a group of people have control over corporations in a whole industry—they agree to sell a product at as set price, eliminating competition …(not good for consumers)

o Corporation:

o Buying stock: purchasing a (share) or piece of the company

o John D. Rockefeller: Controlled what monopoly?

o

o Andrew Carnegie: Controlled what monopoly?

• Labor Unions: Workers organized to fight for better wages and working conditions

o Knights of Labor:

• Who was allowed to join?

• How did the Haymarket Riot cause their downfall?

o American Federation of Labor:

• Who was allowed to join?

o Pullman Strike: Strike on Pullman cars, headed by Eugene Debbs; government does not side with workers.

• Immigrants: People flooded into cities in search of jobs and prosperity. Immigrants were attracted by dreams of a better life; Cities grew so rapidly they could not deal with their problems.

o Push Factors: These are factors that “push” immigrants out of their home countries

o Pull Factors: These are factors that draw or “pull” immigrants to America

o Old Immigrants: Immigrants from Northern Europe.

o New Immigrants: Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe.

o These newcomers often were extremely poor, spoke little or no English, and dressed differently from other Americans. They settled in ghettos, Ethnic neighborhoods (tenements); “Chinatown” or “Little Italy”.

o Quota System: An act that attempted to limit immigration by the U.S. government

o Nativism: People care about the well being of Americans only.

o

o “New immigrants” faced prejudices from Americans because their cultural backgrounds very different.

o

• Problems of Industrialization:

o Corruption in politics: “BOSS TWEED”

o Child Labor

o Small wages

o Child Labor

o Inadequate housing (tenements) and public service

o Unsanitary and unsafe working conditions:

• How did the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire lead to safer working conditions in factories?

Progressives:

• These people wanted to reform the social problems and political corruption caused by government

• Jane Addams:

o Define Hull House:

• Muckrakers: People who “dug up muck” or exposed corruption in big business and government

o Upton Sinclair, author of _____________________. Unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry

o

o Ida Tarbell: exposes ______________________ unfair business practices

o

o Jacob Riis: Photos of child labor

o Lincolns Steffens: journalist, exposes corruption in government

o Thomas Nast: Political Cartoonist that exposes which city politician?

• Women’s Rights Movement

o Suffrage-> winning the right to vote.

o Leaders for the women’s right movement

▪ Lucretia Mott

▪ Elizabeth Cady Stanton

▪ Susan B. Anthony

o Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Passed a resolution that women were equal to men

o

o 19th Amendment (1920) Prohibited states from denying any citizen the right to vote on the basis of gender.

• Progressive Presidents:

o Theodore Roosevelt (T.R) 1901-1910

T.R was known as the “trust buster”

o Square Deal:

o Responsible for the break-up of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company.

o Passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906.

o He promoted the conservation of wildlife areas on federal lands.

o Bull Moose Party

o Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921

o Wilson used his power as President to control big business and to improve living conditions in America.

Imperialism:

• Controlling another country/countries economical and political affairs

• Causes: “white man’s burden”; natural resources/raw materials trade (ECONOMICAL); competition over colonies

• Examples:

o Spanish-American War

▪ Yellow Journalism:

▪ Explain how the phrase, “Remember the Maine,” led U.S. into war with Spain.

▪ What colonies did America take from Spain?

▪ Define Platt Amendment:

▪ What colonies did the U.S. gain as a result of the Spanish-American war?

o China

▪ Define Spheres of Influence:

▪ Define Open Door Policy:

▪ Define Boxer Rebellion

o Japan: Commodore Matthew Perry did what here?

o Alaska (William Seward)

o Revolt in Hawaii (annexed as a state 1959)

o Panama Canal

o “Speak Softly but carry a big stick” (Explain what President Roosevelt meant by this and provide one example

World War I

• Known as the “Great War” 1914-1918

• Trench warfare

• U-boats, German submarines

• Underlying Causes for the war:

o Militarism

o Alliance System (entangling)

o Imperialism

o Nationalism

• Immediate Cause for the war:

• Reasons for U.S. involvement:

o Define Zimmerman Telegram:

o Germans violate “international law by Sinking of Lusitania (passenger ship)

• End of War

o What was Wilson’s Plan called?

o What was Wilson’s overall goal?

o Wilson created the League of Nations. What was its purpose?

o Why does the U.S. Senate reject Wilson’s Plan?

o Allied nations agreed upon the Treaty of Versailles

▪ Define war reparations:

1920s “Roaring 20s or the Gilded age?”

• Consumer spending rose significantly:

o electric appliances such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, stoves

o Radio

o “Talkies” movies

o Automobile leads to more highways, restaurants, and growth of suburbs

• Cultural Changes:

o Define Flapper:

o Prohibition- led to organized crime

o Define Harlem Renaissance:

▪ Langston Hughes wrote about what?

▪ Duke Ellington and Cab Calloway were jazz musician

o Jazz Music; new forms of dancing

• Americans/Government try to restore America to traditional thinking and values:

o Define Red Scare:

o Define xenophobia:

o What is the significance of the Sacco & Vanzetti Trial?

▪ Xenophobia

o What belief was being challenged in the Scopes Trial?

Great Depression:

• Causes: Overproduction of goods; buying stock on credit; failure of banking system

o How did the overproduction of goods hurt the nation’s economy?

o How did buying stock on credit cause the Great Depression?

• Conditions:

o Define Hoovervilles:

o Define breadlines:

o Provide an example of the emotional impact the depression had on families.

o What was President Hoover’s philosophy regarding the role of government and the economic depression?

o How did the incident with the “bonus army” lead to the fall of President Hoover?

• New Deal (relief; recovery; reform):

o Who was responsible for creating the New Deal?

o Why was “creating jobs” a primary goal for the New Deal?

o How did the “banking holiday” help solve the banking crisis?

• SSA (Social Security Act)

• Dust Bowl: over plowing, drought, and high winds caused the “Dust Bowl” on the Great Plains

o Forced many farmers off their land

WWII

• Causes: economic depressions encourage the rise of dictators in Europe (Hitler/Mussolini); Hitler invades Czechoslovakia & Austria; Britain & France appease Hitler’s actions at Munich Conference; Germany invades Poland(France and Britain declare war on Germany

o Define appeasement:

• U.S. Fights to remain neutral

o Define Good Neighbor Policy:

o Define Lend-Lease Act:

• Causes for U.S. involvement

o What action does Japan take that leaves America with no other choice but to declare war? How does this draw us into war with Germany and Italy?

• Japan bombs Pearl Harbor (December 7th, 1941). 

• War

o Define blitzkrieg:

o Explain the importance of Normandy/D Day?

• War at Home

o Women work in factories

-Women work in factories- “Rosie the Riveter”

o Rationing of food, metal, gasoline, rubber etc.

o War bonds

o JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS: What happened?

• End of War

o Hitler’s Final Solution:

o V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)

o U.S. President Truman agrees to drop an atomic weapon where?

o Nuremburg Trials:

Post World War II

• Cold War:

o Identify the Causes:

o Define Containment:

o How were the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan examples of containment?

o Define NATO:

o Explain why the Korean War is an example of containment.

o Explain why the Vietnam War is an example of containment.

o Why was the Bay of Pigs Invasion a failure?

o Explain why the U.S. and Soviet Union were on the brink of nuclear war, during the “Cuban Missile Crisis”?

o Explain Domino Theory:

• How did the Watergate Affair create a lack of trust for the federal government?

• Civil Rights Movement:

o What was the significance of the Supreme Court case, Brown v The Board of Education?

o Who was Rosa Parks? And, what was her role with the “bus boycott”?

o How did Martin Luther King Jr. contribute to bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama?

o How did Martin Luther King Jr. contribute to the Civil Rights Movement?

o Define civil disobedience:

o Define Freedom Riders:

o Define Sit-Ins:

o Define Civil Rights Act of 1964:

o Define Black Panthers:

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