Pharmacology Drug Chart - B&W Version - Speedy Template

[Pages:18]Cholinergic Agonists

Drug Name

Receptor

Muscarinic

Acetylcholine

Bethanechol Carbachol Pilocarpine

Muscarinic Muscarinic Muscarinic

Pharmacology Drug Chart

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 1

Therapeutic Uses HR, CO and BP Salivary Secretions Secretions and Motility in the GIT Bronchiolar Secretions Miosis (Constriction of the Pupil)

Adverse Effects

Stimulates the detrusor while relaxing the

Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, BP, Nausea,

trigone and sphincter causing urination in

Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, and Bronchospasam

Nonobstructive retention i.e. postoperative and

postpartum

Similar to Bethanechol to treat urinary retention When used to treat Glaucoma there are little to

Used on the Eye to cause Miosis

no side effects b/c of direct administration

Intraocular Pressure to treat Glaucoma

Miosis Intraocular Pressure in BOTH Narrow and Wide angle Glaucoma

Can enter the brain and cause CNS disturbances Sweating Salivation

Anticholinesterases - Irreversible

Drug Name

Receptor

Therapeutic Uses

Organophosphates

Covalently bonds to Chronic treatment of Open-angle Glaucoma AChase

Death /

Adverse Effects

Anticholinesterases - Reversible

Drug Name

Receptor

Therapeutic Uses

Competitive Inhibitor Intestinal Motility

of AChase

Bladder Motility

Physostigmine

Miosis Intraocular Pressure

Used to treat an overdose of Atropine

Neostigmine

Competitive Inhibitor Intestinal Motility

of AChase

Bladder Motility

Antidote for Tubocurarine

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 2

Adverse Effects Bradycardia Can enter the CNS and high doses may cause convulsions

Sweating, Salivation, Flushing, BP, Nausea, Abdominal Pain, Diarrhea, and Bronchospasam

Cholinergic Antagonists

Drug Name

Receptor

Non-specific

Muscarinic Blocker

via Competitive

Atropine

Binding

Therapeutic Uses Mydriasis (Dilation of the Pupil) Relaxes the GIT Antispasmodic activity in the Bladder Treatment of Organophosphate overdose by blocking the effects of excess ACh caused by Anti-AChase Blocks secretions of the upper and lower respiratory tract

Adverse Effects Dry Mouth Blurred Vision Tachycardia Constipation Intraocular Pressure (Bad for Glaucoma) Enters the CNS to cause Confusion, Hallucinations, Depression and collapse of the Circulatory and Respiratory systems

Ganglionic and Neuromuscular Blockers

Drug Name

Receptor

Nicotine

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 3

Therapeutic Uses

Adverse Effects

Low Dose - Ganglionic stimulation by

Irritability and Tremors

depolarization

Intestinal Cramps and Diarrhea

High Dose - Ganglionic blockade

HR

Sympathetic Stimulation followed by paralysis of BP

the ganglia

Rate of Metabolism of other drugs - Induction

Hexamethonium (Trimethaphan)

Tubocurarine

Succinylcholine

Competitive

Used for the emergency lowering of BP

Nicotinic Ganglionic

Blocker

Nondepolarizing NM Low Dose - Nicotinic Receptor and

Histamine Release

Blocker

competitively blocks the binding of ACh

Ganglionic Blockade

High Dose - blocks the Ion Channels of the End BP

Plate

Used to relax skeletal muscle during surgery

Depolarizing NM Blocker

Rapid endothelial intubations

Hyperthermia Apnea due to the paralysis of the Diaphragm

Direct Acting Adrenergic Agonists

Drug Name

Receptor

Low Dose

Med Dose D

High Dose

Epinephrine FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 4

Therapeutic Uses

ACTIONS Positive Inotropic 1 Positive Chronotropic 1 CO TPR Vasoconstriction in Skin and Viscera 1 Vasodilation in Liver and Skeletal Muscle 2 Renal blood flow Systolic Pressure Diastolic Pressure Bronchodilation 2 Glycogenolysis in Liver 2 Release of Glucagon 2 Release of Insulin 2 Lipolysis - 1 Receptors in Adipose Tissue THERAPEUTIC USES Intraocular Pressure ( Aqueous Humor) Used to treat Anaphylactic Shock Used to treat acute Asthma

Adverse Effects CNS Disturbances Hemorrhage Cardiac Arrhythmias Pulmonary Edema

Norepinephrine

Mostly 1, 2 are for Negative Feedback 1

TPR BP

Reflex Bradycardia

Isoproterenol / Isoprenaline

Dopamine

Dobutamine Phenylephrine

Clonidine Salbutamol -Methyldopa

1 and 2 Decreased Uptake

High Dose Med Dose Low Dose D

1

Positive Inotropic Positive Chronotropic Vasodilation of Skeletal Muscle Bronchodilation

CNS Disturbances Hemorrhage Cardiac Arrhythmias Pulmonary Edema

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 5

TPR

Sympathetic Stimulation

CO

Nausea

TPR

Hypertension

Drug of choice for shock because it Renal and Arrhythmias

Splanchnic blood flow

Treatment of CHF

CO Treatment of CHF

Use with caution in Atrial Fibrillation because the drug atrioventricular conduction

1 and 2 but mostly Resistant to COMT

1

Vasoconstriction

Systolic Pressure

Diastolic Pressure

Mydriasis

Reflex Bradycardia Hypertensive Headache Cardiac Irregularities

2

BP due to its action on the CNS

Treatment of Hypertension

Treatment for the withdrawal from Opiates and

Benzodiazepines

2 2 Agonist

Bronchodilation Treatment of Asthma

Treatment of Hypertension TPR BP Organ Blood Flow is NOT Reduced

Reflex Tachycardia

Sedation Drowsiness

Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists

Drug Name

Receptor

, , CNS

Amphetamine

Therapeutic Uses

CNS stimulant in the treatment of children with BP

ADD

HR

Also used in the treatment of Depression,

Narcolepsy and Appetite Control

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 6

Adverse Effects

Mixed Acting Adrenergic Agonists

Drug Name

Receptor

, , CNS

Ephedrine

Therapeutic Uses Resistant to COMT and MAO Treatment of Asthma Nasal Decongestant Fatigue Athletic Performance

BP HR

Adverse Effects

Adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Name

Receptor

1 and 2

Irreversible and

Noncompetitive

Phenoxybenzamine

Therapeutic Uses Treatment of Pheochromocytoma - a catecholamine secreting tumor

Adverse Effects Postural Hypotension Epinephrine Reversal Nasal Congestion Nausea Vomiting May induce Tachycardia Inhibits Ejaculation

Phentolamine Prazosin

1 and 2 Competitive

1 Competitive

Used in the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma

Treatment of Hypertension TPR Alternative to surgery in benign Prostatic Hypertrophy thus improving urine flow

Postural Hypotension Tachycardia Cardiac Stimulation Epinephrine Reversal Anginal Pain Arrhythmias

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 7

First Dose Effect Syncope Postural Hypotension Lack of Energy Nasal Congestion Headache

Adrenergic Antagonists

Drug Name

Receptor

1 and 2

Nonselective

Propranolol

Therapeutic Uses Intraocular Pressure Aqueous Humor Treatment of Migraine Curbing the effects of Hyperthyroidism Treatment of STABLE Angina (NOT ACUTE) Can aid in the prevention a Second MI

Adverse Effects Bronchoconstriction Arrhythmias Sexual Impairment (unclear as to why) Glycogenolysis Glucagon - Adverse of Insulin dependent diabetics

Atenolol

1 Selective Cardioselective

Treatment of Hypertension

May compromise respiratory activity in

BP

Asthmatics

Treatment of Angina

Treatment of Atrial and Ventricular Arrhythmia

Treatment of Tachycardia

Labetalol

1 Antagonist 1 Antagonist 2 Partial Agonist

Vasodilation

Postural Hypotension 1

BP

Dizziness 1

HR

Treatment of Hypertension - Especially useful for

patients with Asthma and Diabetics due to the

2 partial agonist effect

Pharmacology Drug Chart Page 8

Drug Name Reserpine

Guanethidine Cocaine

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release

Receptor

Therapeutic Uses

Mg2+ / ATP Dependent

ACTION Blocks the Mg2+ / ATP Dependent transporter

Transporter

from transporting Norepinephrine, Dopamine

and Serotonin from the cytoplasm into the

storage vesicles

THERAPEUTIC USES

Treatment of Hypertension

Adverse Effects Causes the ultimate depletion of Norepinephrine in the adrenergic neuron Sympathetic function is greatly impaired May cause Bradycardia

Mechanism 1 - Displaces Norepinephrine from storage vesicles Mechanism 2 - Blocks the release of stored Norepinephrine Treatment of Hypertension (Rarely Used) BP HR

Postural Hypotension Male sexual function interference Hypertensive Crisis in patients with Pheochromocytoma due to a supersensitivity to Norepinephrine

Na+ / K+ ATPase

Inhibits reuptake 1 of Norepinephrine from the Causes the accumulation of Norepinephrine in

synaptic cleft by blocking Na/K ATPase

the synaptic space

Causes an enhancement of Sympathetic activity

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