PDF Overview of Fuel Cell Electric Bus Development

Overview of Fuel Cell Electric Bus Development

Leslie Eudy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory

September 12, 2013

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Why Fuel Cells for Transit Buses?

? Reduce transit bus emissions ? Improve fuel efficiency ? Improve vehicle performance ? Consumer Acceptance ? Transit industry is excellent test-bed for new

technologies

o Centrally fueled and maintained o Fixed routes with urban stop-go duty cycle o Professional operators and mechanics o Federal Capital Funding Support o High Visibility & High Impact

2

FCEB Development Timeline since 2000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

California Air Resources Board Transit Rule Early demonstrations of single prototypes DOE begins funding NREL technology validation for FCEBs First multiple bus fleet demonstrations in California FTA initiates National Fuel Cell Bus Program and funds NREL technology validation First larger-scale FCEB fleet introduced First new NFCBP bus goes into service DOE/DOT establish commercialization targets

3

Promoting Development of FCEBs

California Air Resources Board Transit Rule

? Set more stringent emission standards for new urban bus engines

? Set fleet emission averages ? Promoted advances in the cleanest technologies:

required demonstrations of zero-emission buses

o Fuel cell electric, battery electric, or trolley buses o Early demonstrations of 8 FCEBs at 3 agencies o Advanced demonstration: 12 FCEBs for SF Bay area

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Promoting Development of FCEBs

FTA's National Fuel Cell Bus Program (NFCBP)

? Cooperative research, development and demonstration program to advance FCEB commercialization

? Program authorized by Congress in SAFETEA-LU ? Nearly $90 Million Federal authorized to date ? 50-50 cost share with industry ? Teams and projects competitively selected ? Balanced portfolio of projects:

o FCEB demonstrations o Component development projects o Outreach/education projects

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Promoting Development of FCEBs

FTA's National Fuel Cell Bus Program (NFCBP)

2012 Awards announced September 4th

Project

Consortia Location

Partners

FCEB Fleet Extended Operation (ZEBA)

CTE

Oakland, CA AC Transit

Greater Cleveland RTA, ElDorado National, American Fuel Cell Bus CALSTART Cleveland, OH

BAE Systems, Ballard Power Systems

Battery Dominant FCEB CALSTART Palm Springs, CA SunLine, ElDorado National, BAE Systems

Central NY Fuel Cell Transportation Program

CTE

Birmingham FCEB Operational Support

CTE

FCEB Altoona Testing CALSTART

Best Practices in H2 fueling and maintenance

CALSTART

NFCBP Education & Outreach

CTE

Ithaca, NY

Birmingham, AL Altoona, PA

Pasadena, CA Atlanta, GA

Tompkins Consolidated Transit Authority, ElDorado National, BAE Systems, Ballard Power Systems Birmingham Jefferson County Transit National Bus Testing Facility CALSTART

CTE

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Technology Readiness Levels

Manufacturer Teams for FCEBs Currently Operating in the United States

Length Bus OEM

(ft)

Fuel Cell System

Hybrid System

Design Strategy

Energy Storage

TRL Level

Van Hool

Siemens ELFA

40

UTC Power

Fuel cell dominant Lithium-based batteries

7

integrated by Van Hool

New Flyer

40

Ballard

Siemens ELFA

Fuel cell dominant Lithium-based batteries

integrated by Bluways

7

ElDorado

40

Ballard

BAE Systems

Fuel cell dominant Lithium-based batteries

7

Proterra

Daimler (Orion) Ebus

35

Hydrogenics Proterra integration

Battery dominant Lithium-based batteries

6

40

Hydrogenics

BAE Systems

Diesel hybrid w/ Lithium-based batteries

FC

6 - 7

22

Ballard

Ebus integration

Battery dominant

Nickel cadmium

6

7

DOE ? DOT Collaborations

DOE and DOT support the development and deployment of fuel cell technology

Developed low Pt approach Reduced cost by >30% since 2008, 80% since 2002

DOE RD&D

Data Collection & Validation

NREL

National Bus Program

($49 million for 4 years)

DOT

Deployment

Fuel Cell buses: 82% to 131% 10better fuel economy than

9

conventional buses

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

ZEBA

Nutmeg

1

TX Proterra

SL CNG

AT Bus ACT Diesel

AFCB CTT Diesel

0 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13 Feb-13 Mar-13 Apr-13 May-13 Jun-13 Jul-13

Accomplishments Demonstrated: ? Nearly doubled fuel economies (>7 mpg, ~2X

compared to diesel buses) ? 87% increase in average miles between roadcall for

all bus systems (~4,200 MBRC) ? Demonstrated more than 13,000 hr fuel cell durability

8

Miles per DGE

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