RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM, 1865—1896



RECONSTRUCTION AND REFORM, 1865—1896

Book 7, A History Of US, Joy Hakim

1. How many states were there in the Confederate States of America? [11] _________

2. The approximate number of people to die in the Civil War. [13] ______________

3. What was the name given to the decade in the South immediately following the Civil War? [14] ______________________

4. Who succeeded to the Presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln? [15] _______________________

5. In 1867, what was bought for $7.2 million by Secretary of State William Seward from Russia? [16] _______________

6. What was discovered in the Klondike in 1896? [16] __________

7. What federal agency was created to help provide ex-slaves with food, clothing, shelter, and schooling? [17] _____________________________

8. What is the general name given to the Southern state laws passed in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War that attempted to reinstitute some of regulations that had characterized the slave era? [19] _______________________

9. These masked vigilantes terrorized ex-slaves and their white allies in the years following the Civil War. [19-20] ________________________

10. An amendment ratified on December 6, 1865, it made slavery unconstitutional. [21] ______________________

11. What is the name typically given to those Congressmen who pushed to protect the civil rights of blacks in the era immediately following the Civil War? [22] ___________________________________

12. Finally passed in 1868, which amendment dramatically expanded the responsibility of the federal government to protect citizens’ rights? [22-23] ________________

13. What was the derisive nickname given to those Northerners who went South in the era immediately following the Civil War, whether as soldiers, teachers, or capitalists? [24] ______________________________

14. What was the nickname given to white Southerners who cooperated with Northern officials after the Civil War? [24] __________________________

15. Passed over President Johnson’s veto, what federal legislation mandated that Southern states needed to pass new, non-racially-discriminatory constitutions before they would be readmitted to the Union? [25] _______________________________

16—17. Which two Mississippians became the first African-Americans elected to the Senate? [25] ________________________________________; _______________________________________________

18. How many African-Americans served in the U.S. Congress during Reconstruction? [26] ______________

19. Literally “before the war,” this Latin word is used to describe the time period preceding the Civil War. [29] _________________________

20. This Pennsylvania Congressman lobbied vigorously for equal rights for blacks; he would become one of President Johnson’s staunchest opponents and an advocate of impeachment. [28-31] ______________________________

21. What 1867 bill prohibited the President from firing members of his own cabinet – it signaled a growing conflict between Andrew Johnson and Congress? [30] _____________________________________________

22. According to the Constitution, what are the reasons for which a President should be impeached? [30-31] __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

23—24. Name two black colleges founded during the Reconstruction era. [38] ___________________________; ____________________________

25. The name typically given to the state governments controlled by former Confederates that, one by one, replaced the Republican governments of the South during the Reconstruction era. [39] _______________________________

26. What was the name for the new type of agricultural arrangement developed in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War – the landlord provided land, tools, and seed to landless farmers in return for one-third or one-half of the crop produced? [44] ____________________________

27. After the disputed election of 1876, which candidate promised to pull the federal troops out of the South if he became President? [45] ________________________________________

28. Which type of tax was introduced late in the nineteenth century in an effort to disenfranchise black male voters? [45] ______________________

29. The official Southern policy of separation of the races that was institutionalized in the late 1800s. [46] _____________________________

30. In the Reconstruction South, what was the party most in favor of protecting the status quo as it had existed in the pre-Civil War South? [46] _______________________

31. In 1893, 6 million acres of which future state were opened in a famous land rush? [50] _____________________________

32—33. Jesse Chisholm was but one prominent example of those who made fortunes driving Texas longhorn cattle northward to which Kansas railhead? [52] ________________________ Originally the marshal of that town, he was killed in 1876 in a saloon in Dakota Territory. _________________________

34. Which Midwestern port, the nation’s largest, became the meat-packing capital of the nation? [53] ________________

35. Born Martha Jane Cannary, she claimed to have been a gold miner, a nurse, a Pony Express rider, an army scout, an Indian fighter, and a cattle hand – she died renowned as one of the Old West’s most colorful characters. [57] _______________________________

36—40. The golden spike was driven home at which spot on May 10, 1869, thus completing the first transcontinental railroad? [58] ______________________________ What were the two railroads linked by the spike? [59] __________________________; ___________________________________ What was the western starting point for this enterprise? [58] ____________________________ What was the eastern starting point? [58] ______________________________

37. What was the name given by the early pioneers and the forty-niners to what would later become known as the Great Plains? [68] ___________________________

38. What Civil War legislation helped to open up the West by making available 160 acres of public land to anyone who wished to settle there? [69] _________________________________

39. What Joseph Glidden invention allowed farmers to fence in their property and helped to usher in the end of the open range? [70] _________________________

40. The steel plow developed by which person would profoundly change the history of American agriculture? [76] _____________________

41. Whose mechanical reaper had a revolutionary impact upon farming? [76] _____________________________________

42. True or False: In the thirty years between 1860 and 1890, more land was turned into farmland than had occurred between the settling of Jamestown in 1607 and 1860. [78] ________

43. Who led 266 men against thousands of Cheyennes and Sioux in 1876’s disastrous Battle of the Little Bighorn in Montana? [82] ______________________________

44. Which famous Civil War general talked about a “final solution” to the “Indian problem” long before Adolf Hitler used the same phrase to refer to the necessary genocide of the Jews? [83] ______________________________________

45. What was the name given to the black soldiers who formed one-quarter of the army’s western troops? [84] __________________________________

46. In 1890, at least 150 Sioux were massacred at which South Dakota site? [85] _____________________________________

51—52. French for “pierced nose,” this tribe lived where today’s Idaho, Washington, and Oregon intersect. [89-90] ________________________ Which tribal leader led the 1,000-mile retreat towards Canada of some 500 of the above Native Americans in 1877? [91-92] ________________________________

53—54. Which New York City alderman controlled the State Democratic Party and the Tammany Hall political machine – his name became a byword for the urban political graft that characterized the late nineteenth century? [95] _____________________ Which cartoonist helped bring the alderman down? [99—100] ______________________

55. One of the first American popular entertainers, his attractions over the years included Tom Thumb, Jumbo the Elephant, and the Siamese twins Chang and Eng. [101-103] _____________________________________

56. Perhaps the preeminent American writer, he grew up in nineteenth-century Hannibal, Missouri, and authored such books as A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court, Roughing It, Life on the Mississippi, and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. [105] ___________________________________

57—58. The largest single group of 19th-century immigrants to the United States came from which nation? [111] ___________________ One-quarter of the entire population of which island immigrated to the United States in the decades preceding the Civil War? [113] ________________________

59.How many immigrants came to the United States in the fifty years after the Civil War? [115] ___________________

60. What was name given to the overcrowded city apartments in which many immigrants lived? [115] _________________________

61. What replaced Castle Garden in 1892 as the main New York immigrant receiving station? [115] _________________________

62—65. Approximately how many Chinese immigrants came to the United States between 1849 and 1882? [120] __________________ What was the nickname these immigrants used to refer to the United States? [121] __________________________________ What was the western-based political party most active in its demands that this immigration be halted? ______________________________________ What was the federal legislation of 1882 that indeed stopped most of this immigration? [122] _______________________________________________

66. In 1869, a bill was passed in which western territory gave women the right to vote and to hold office? [131] _________________

67. Who was the first woman elected to Congress? [131] ______________________

68—69. The failure of which suffrage amendment to include women as amongst those guaranteed the right to vote led to the formation of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869? [133] _____________________ Perhaps the most prominent member of the NWSA, her newspaper The Revolution had as its motto, “Men their rights and nothing more; women their rights and nothing less.” [133] __________________________________

70—71. This female organization was founded in 1874 to battle drunkenness; in the name of protecting home and family some of its members would move towards pushing for suffrage. [135] _____________________________________________ Who was the Kentucky-born member of the above organization who came to be caricatured as an axe-wielding saloon destroyer? [135] ____________________________

72. What 1848 convention is often highlighted as the symbolic beginning point for American feminism? [136] ______________________________________

73. Who ran for President as a candidate of the National Equal Rights Party in 1884 and 1888? [137] _________________________________

74—75. The Centennial Exhibition was held in this city in 1876 to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of American independence. [146] _______________________ What audio invention was displayed at the fair – other exhibits included the arm of the Statue of Liberty and the giant Corliss steam engine? [150] ______________________

76. The Sioux Indians won a military victory in 1876 at which Montana River – it would be one of the last such triumphs for Native Americans? [152] ________________________________

77—78. Whose Menlo Park, New Jersey laboratory was the world’s first modern research laboratory? [154] _______________________________ His development of this technology would help to transform New York night life by 1883. [157-159] ___________________________

79. What popular postwar slogan captured the ex-slaves’ sense that they could not have genuine freedom without land? [160] ____________________________________

80. What minstrel show character came to be associated with the policy of racial segregation? [160] ____________________

81. What was year in which the last federal troops left the South? [161] ____________

82—83. What 1896 Supreme Court decision upheld a Louisiana law that segregated blacks and whites in public transportation? [163] _______________________________ Which justice issued a famous dissent in the case, arguing that the Constitution was color-blind? [164] ____________________________________

84—85. Which early nineteenth-century Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review? [164] ____________________________ Who was the chief justice at the time? [164] _________________________________

86. What is the estimated number of Americans lynched between 1882 and 1930? [171] _________________

87. Which anti-lynching activist was forced out of Memphis but continued her cause in the North and abroad? [171-73] ______________________________

88. Born a slave in Franklin County, Virginia just before the Civil War, he became principal of the training institute at Tuskegee, Alabama. [174-76] ________________________________________________

89—90. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, he became the first African-American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard and urged blacks to refuse to settle for anything less than full citizenship and equality. [177-80] ______________________________________________ What is the civil rights organization he helped to found in 1905? [179-80] _____________________________________________________

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