Three Types of Learning Learning
Three Types of Learning
Learning
Chapter 6
John Watson: Little Albert Study
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Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
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Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned Response (UCR)
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
Conditioned Response (CR)
Classical Conditioning
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Before conditioning
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NS -> no response
UCS -> UCR
During conditioning
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Screwdriver
NS + UCS -> UCR
After conditioning
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CS -> CR
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Orange Juice?
Vodka?
Vomiting?
OJ that makes you feel sick?
Sick feelings after smelling OJ?
Little Albert
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Pavlov¡¯s Dogs
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White rat at first?
Loud noise?
Fear of loud noise?
White rat after it provokes fear?
Fear of white rat?
Meat powder?
Bell when it produces salivation?
Bell at first?
Salivation to meat powder?
Salivation to Bell?
Other Classical Conditioning Concepts
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Conditioned Fear
Stimulus Generalization
Stimulus Discrimination
Higher Order Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Reinforcement
Punishment
Skinner - Shaping
Basic concepts
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Acquisition
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Shaping
Extinction
Stimulus control: Generalization and discrimination
Intermittent Reinforcement
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Resistance to extinction
Types:
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Ratio
Interval
Fixed
Variable
Reinforcement schedules: Examples
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a maid may take a break after
cleaning three rooms
watching shooting stars at night
a teenager receives an allowance
every Sunday
a baseball player who gets a hit
approx. every third time at bat
checking the oven to see if the
cookies are done
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a blueberry picker receives $1
after filling 5 pint boxes
a charity gets a donation for about
every 10 phone calls it makes
calling a garage mechanic to see if
your car is fixed yet
a student¡¯s grade increases one
level for every book review
going to the cafeteria to see if the
next meal is available
? Negative reinforcement
? Punishment
? Escape learning
? Avoidance learning
? Phobias
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