Unit 4- Learning - Weebly
Unit 4- Learning
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Learning Unit Guide
MV AP Psych 2017-18
Essential Questions
? What is learning, and what are some basic forms of learning?
? What are the basic components of classical conditioning, and what was behaviorism¡¯s view of learning?
? In classical conditioning, what are the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, &
discrimination?
? Why does Pavlov¡¯s work remain so important, and how has his work been applied to human health and well-being?
? What is operant conditioning, and how is operant behavior reinforced and shaped?
? How do positive and negative reinforcements differ, and what are the basic types of reinforcers?
? How do different reinforcement schedules affect behavior?
? How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement, and how does punishment affect behavior?
? How might Skinner¡¯s operant conditioning principles be applied to the real world?
? How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?
? How do biological constraints affect classical and operant conditioning?
? How do cognitive processes affect classical and operant conditioning?
? What is observational learning, and how do some scientists believe it is enabled by mirror neurons?
? What is the impact of prosocial modeling and of antisocial modeling?
Key Terms, Concepts and Contributors
MODULE 26:
Learning
Habituation
Associative learning
Stimulus
Cognitive learning
Observational learning
Classical conditioning
Behaviorism
Neutral stimulus (NS)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
Unconditioned response (UR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)
Acquisition
Higher-order conditioning
Extinction
Generalization
Discrimination
MODULE 27:
Operant conditioning
Law of effect
Operant chamber
Reinforcement
Shaping
Discriminative stimulus
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Primary reinforcers
Secondary/conditioned
reinforcers
Reinforcement schedules
Continuous reinforcement
Partial (intermittent)
reinforcement
Fixed-ratio schedule
Variable-ratio schedule
Fixed-interval schedule
Variable-interval schedule
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
MODULE 29:
Taste aversion
Cognitive map
Latent learning
Insight
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Coping
Problem-focused coping
Emotion-focused coping
Learned helplessness
External locus of control
Internal locus of control
Self-control
MODULE 30:
Observational learning
Modeling
Mirror neurons
Prosocial behavior
Antisocial behavior
KEY CONTRIBUTORS:
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
Edward Thorndike
B. F. Skinner
John Garcia
Edward Tolman
Martin Seligman
Albert Bandura
Name______________________________________
SuperNanny ¨C Part 1
After watching today¡¯s clip of SuperNanny, complete the chart below.
Andrew¡¯s negative behaviors
What would YOU do as Andrew¡¯s parent?
What do YOU think would be the overall MOST EFFECTIVE parenting technique to use with this child?
Why?
What do YOU think would be the LEAST EFFECTIVE parenting technique to use with this child? Why?
Reinforcement vs. Punishment
For each example below, identify if it represents:
Positive Reinforcement (PR)
Negative reinforcement (NR)
Punishment (PUN)
1. _____Police pulling drivers over and giving prizes for buckling up
2. _____ Suspending a basketball player for committing a flagrant foul
3. _____ A soccer player rolls her eyes at a teammate who delivered a bad pass
4. _____ A child snaps her fingers until her teacher calls on her
5. _____ A hospital patient is allowed extra visiting time after eating a complete meal
6. _____ Receiving a city utility discount for participating in a recycling program
7. _____ Grounding a teenager until his or her homework is finished
8. _____ Scolding a child for playing in the street
9. _____A prisoner loses TV privileges for one week for a rule violation
10. _____ A parent nagging a child to clean up her room
11. _____A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or a loud tone
12. _____ A professor give extra credit to student with perfect attendance
13. _____ A dog is banished to his doghouse after soiling the living room carpet
14. _____A defendant is harassed and tortured until he confessed
15. _____ A young child receives $5 for earning good grades in school
16. _____A mother smiles when her child utters ¡°mama¡±
17. _____ A child is put into ¡°time out¡± for misbehaving
18. _____ Employee of the month gets a reserved parking space
19. _____ At a party, a husband becomes sullen when his wife flirts with a colleague
20. _____ A women watching a football game offers her child candy to play quietly
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