Unit 4- Learning - Weebly

Unit 4- Learning

Ivan Pavlov

B. F. Skinner

John B. Watson

Learning Unit Guide

MV AP Psych 2017-18

Essential Questions

? What is learning, and what are some basic forms of learning?

? What are the basic components of classical conditioning, and what was behaviorism¡¯s view of learning?

? In classical conditioning, what are the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, &

discrimination?

? Why does Pavlov¡¯s work remain so important, and how has his work been applied to human health and well-being?

? What is operant conditioning, and how is operant behavior reinforced and shaped?

? How do positive and negative reinforcements differ, and what are the basic types of reinforcers?

? How do different reinforcement schedules affect behavior?

? How does punishment differ from negative reinforcement, and how does punishment affect behavior?

? How might Skinner¡¯s operant conditioning principles be applied to the real world?

? How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

? How do biological constraints affect classical and operant conditioning?

? How do cognitive processes affect classical and operant conditioning?

? What is observational learning, and how do some scientists believe it is enabled by mirror neurons?

? What is the impact of prosocial modeling and of antisocial modeling?

Key Terms, Concepts and Contributors

MODULE 26:

Learning

Habituation

Associative learning

Stimulus

Cognitive learning

Observational learning

Classical conditioning

Behaviorism

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Unconditioned response (UR)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Conditioned response (CR)

Acquisition

Higher-order conditioning

Extinction

Generalization

Discrimination

MODULE 27:

Operant conditioning

Law of effect

Operant chamber

Reinforcement

Shaping

Discriminative stimulus

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Primary reinforcers

Secondary/conditioned

reinforcers

Reinforcement schedules

Continuous reinforcement

Partial (intermittent)

reinforcement

Fixed-ratio schedule

Variable-ratio schedule

Fixed-interval schedule

Variable-interval schedule

Positive punishment

Negative punishment

MODULE 29:

Taste aversion

Cognitive map

Latent learning

Insight

Intrinsic motivation

Extrinsic motivation

Coping

Problem-focused coping

Emotion-focused coping

Learned helplessness

External locus of control

Internal locus of control

Self-control

MODULE 30:

Observational learning

Modeling

Mirror neurons

Prosocial behavior

Antisocial behavior

KEY CONTRIBUTORS:

Ivan Pavlov

John Watson

Edward Thorndike

B. F. Skinner

John Garcia

Edward Tolman

Martin Seligman

Albert Bandura

Name______________________________________

SuperNanny ¨C Part 1

After watching today¡¯s clip of SuperNanny, complete the chart below.

Andrew¡¯s negative behaviors

What would YOU do as Andrew¡¯s parent?

What do YOU think would be the overall MOST EFFECTIVE parenting technique to use with this child?

Why?

What do YOU think would be the LEAST EFFECTIVE parenting technique to use with this child? Why?

Reinforcement vs. Punishment

For each example below, identify if it represents:

Positive Reinforcement (PR)

Negative reinforcement (NR)

Punishment (PUN)

1. _____Police pulling drivers over and giving prizes for buckling up

2. _____ Suspending a basketball player for committing a flagrant foul

3. _____ A soccer player rolls her eyes at a teammate who delivered a bad pass

4. _____ A child snaps her fingers until her teacher calls on her

5. _____ A hospital patient is allowed extra visiting time after eating a complete meal

6. _____ Receiving a city utility discount for participating in a recycling program

7. _____ Grounding a teenager until his or her homework is finished

8. _____ Scolding a child for playing in the street

9. _____A prisoner loses TV privileges for one week for a rule violation

10. _____ A parent nagging a child to clean up her room

11. _____A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or a loud tone

12. _____ A professor give extra credit to student with perfect attendance

13. _____ A dog is banished to his doghouse after soiling the living room carpet

14. _____A defendant is harassed and tortured until he confessed

15. _____ A young child receives $5 for earning good grades in school

16. _____A mother smiles when her child utters ¡°mama¡±

17. _____ A child is put into ¡°time out¡± for misbehaving

18. _____ Employee of the month gets a reserved parking space

19. _____ At a party, a husband becomes sullen when his wife flirts with a colleague

20. _____ A women watching a football game offers her child candy to play quietly

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download