Biology II CP Ch. 18 Classification Test Study Guide Answers

[Pages:3]Biology II CP

Ch. 18 Classification Test Study Guide Answers

1. The science of classifying living things is called ------------------------------------. Taxonomy

2. As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms become more similar/more different. (circle one)

3. Which scientist developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name? Linnaeus

4. The organism Homo sapien is a member of what genus? Homo 5. What is the species identifier for Quercus phellos? phellos

6. The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum. Its scientific name is _____________________. Acer rubrum

7. Is the scientific name of an organism the same for scientists all over the world? Explain. Yes, it is in Latin.

8. An organism can have how many genus and species names? one genus name and one species identifier.

9. In which language are scientific names written? Latin 10. What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species? kingdom, phylum,

class, order, family, genus, species.

11. What information is used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms? patterns of embryological development fossil evidence DNA and RNA

12. A branching diagram like the one shown is called a ________________________. cladogram

13. Refer to the illustration above. Each particular feature, such as dry skin, that is used to assign an organism to a group is called a(n) _______________________. Derived character

14. Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom ___________.Protista

15. Most multicellular autotrophs that have a nucleus and carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom _________. Plantae

16. An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom _________________. Fungi

17. The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom _________. Protists

18. What are 2 groups of organisms that are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy? birds and crocodiles (reptiles)

19. Linnaeus's two-word system for naming organisms is called ____________ ________________. Binomial nomenclature

20. The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a ________________. Domain

21. Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called _________ _____________. Analogous characters

22. During Linnaeus' time, scientists divided all living organisms into ______kingdoms. 2

23. The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called __________. Monera

24. Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include _______________. prokaryotes

25. What are the characteristics used to differentiate kingdoms? Cell type, nutrition, body type

26. Protista is an example of which taxa? Kingdom

27. Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms? Protista and Fungi

28. List the kingdoms that are prokaryotes. Archaebacteria and Eubacteria 29. List the kingdoms that are eukaryotes. Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista 30. Biologists of Linnaeus's time classified every living thing as either plant or ____________________.

Animal 31. Each kind of organism on Earth is assigned a unique two-word ____________________. Scientific

name 32. The first word of a scientific name indicates the ____________________ to which the organism

belongs. Genus

Animal

Plantae Protista

Fungi

33. Refer to the illustration above. Label the each organism with its kingdom name.

34. Cladistics uses shared and ____________________ characters to group taxa.

Derived

35. All living things are grouped into one of three ___________________(s). Domains

36. Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____________________ to classify

organisms. Structure

37. Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____________________.

Eukaryotes

38. Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called ____________________. Protist

39. The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________. Phylogeny

40. Why might the use of common names to describe organisms sometimes cause confusion? The use of common names to describe organisms may cause confusion because common names may

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not describe an organism accurately. For example, a jellyfish is not a fish. Sometimes the same common name is used for different species. For instance, a maple tree might be a sugar maple, a silver maple, or a red maple. (Other answers are also possible.) Also, some organisms have more than one common name, depending on the region in which they are found.

41. While on a biological expedition to a tropical rain forest, you discover a previously unidentified animal. Explain the guidelines you would follow to choose a genus and species name for the animal.

Based on the animal's physical characteristics, you would decide if it belongs in a known genus. If it

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does, it must be given that generic name. If a new generic name is needed, it should be descriptive. The species identifier may describe the appearance or lifestyle of the organism or may be given in honor of an individual. The given scientific name must be Latin or constructed according to the rules of Latin grammar.

Finish the chart.

Kingdom

Cell type

Eubacteria

Prokaryotic

Archaebacteria

c. prokaryotic

Protista

e. eukaryotic

Fungi

g. eukaryotic

i. Plantae k. Animalia

Eukaryotic Eukaryotic

Cell structure Cell wall, peptidoglycan d. cell wall, no peptidoglycan

Mixed

Cell wall, chitin

Body type

a. unicellular

Unicellular

Unicellular and multicellular Unicellular and multicellular

Nutrition b autotrophic and heterotrophic Autotrophic and heterotrophic f. autotrophic and heterotrophic

h. heterotrophic

Cell wall, cellulose

No cell wall

j. multicellular Multicellular

Autotrophic l. heterotrophic

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