Grammar and Sentence Structure
Grammar and Sentence Structure
2009-2010
9E Humanities English
This book belongs to:
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives ______________________ or ______________.
Adverbs ________________, ___________ or other ___________. They _______ _______ with _________, but it is important to note that ___________________ with –ly and ____________________ with –ly are adverbs.
Prepositions
• A preposition _______________________, ____________ and ___________ to ____________________ in a sentence.
• The ________ or ______________ that the preposition _________________ is called the _____________________________________.
• A ________________________ ______________ with a ______________ and ___________ with its ______________.
• A preposition shows how ______________________ to the _______________ _______________. The __________________ might deal with ___________, ___________ or ____________.
• _____________________________ of a preposition, __________ and ______ the preposition and then ________ “_________?” or “___________?”.
Commonly Used Prepositions
about
above
across
after
against
along
among, amid
around
as
at
before
behind
below
beneath
beside
between
beyond
but
by
concerning
despite
down
during
except
for
from
in
inside
into
like (similar to)
near
of
off
on, onto
out, out of, outside
over
past
since
through, throughout
to
toward
under, underneath
until
unto
up
upon
with
within
without
Helping Verbs
|c | | | | |
|h | | | | |
|a | | | | |
|d | | | | |
|b | | | | |
|s | | | | |
|w | | | | |
|i | | | | |
|m | | | | |
Preposition Practice
Directions: List 20 commonly used prepositions
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________ ___________________
___________________ ____________________
Circle the prepositional phrases in the sentences below (make sure to first cross out any and all adjectives and adverbs).
1. He systematically downloaded his favorite songs onto the white laptop computer before putting them onto his new iPod.
2. The old teacher looked nonchalantly at the student’s test paper in amazement because the answers were carelessly written in the wide margins instead of on the appropriate blanks.
3. The confusing disappearance of the new microphone was inconvenient on the night of the sold-out concert.
4. They instinctively headed toward the main office in a hurry to see Mr. Peterson about an unfair detention.
5. During semester exam week, students must have armbands to leave the building before the end of the regular school day.
Simple Sentences
Simple Sentence: A sentence that has _____________________.
Independent Clause: A _________ of words that
1. makes a _______________________ and
2. has a __________ and a ____________.
The subject of a sentence is the
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
that the sentence is ____________.
Examples:
- John went for a walk. (person)
- Towns are quiet after snowfalls. (place)
- Eggs rolled off the counter. (things)
- Silence is golden. (quality)
- Peace is at hand. (idea)
A verb is a word that ________ the _______ or ____________ of the __________ of a sentence.
Examples:
- Sally sneezed. (physical action)
- John thinks. (mental action)
- Jesse is my friend. (state of being)
A simple sentence has ____________________________:
- _______________
- _______________
- _______________
- _______________
Compound Sentences
Compound Sentence: A compound sentence has ____________ __________________________________.
Examples:
- ______________________________________________.
- Kevin did not want to hurt Kathy’s feelings, so he said nothing about her mistake.
- I want to see my sister soon, for she has been in Switzerland for two years.
Comparing Compound Sentences to Simple Sentences with Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs
Simple Sentence: The men and women met at the station and went to dinner.
Compound Sentence: The men met at the station, and the women went to dinner.
Simple Sentence: The ducks and geese squawked and fluttered their wings.
Compound Sentence: The ducks squawked, and the geese fluttered their wings.
Simple Sentence: Harry and Joe ate ice cream and drank pop.
Compound Sentence: Harry ate ice cream, and Joe drank pop.
Coordinating Conjunction: a _______ that is used with a _____ to ___________________________.
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
Examples:
- ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________.
- The children ran all the way to school, yet they were late anyway.
- You will have to finish the project, or your group will get a failing grade.
- Hanna was not at the game, nor was she at the party.
- We did not see Mike at the movie, nor did we see him at the restaurant.
Semicolons (;) can also be used to ______ the ______________ _________________ of a ________________ sentence.
Examples:
- ______________________________________________.
- Jason was highly respected; he was always such a responsible person.
- The meeting was over; it was already midnight.
A compound sentence has ____________________________:
_______________ _______________
Complex Sentences
Complex Sentence: A complex sentence has ______________ _____________ and _________________________________.
Dependent Clause: A dependent clause is a ________________ with a __________ and __________ that __________________.
Examples:
- ______________________________________________.
- Kathy will be late for dinner since the meeting is still in progress.
- The game will end when one team scores.
Subordinating conjunctions are words that ___________ the _________________ of the _________________ clause to the ______________________ clause.
Some words that can be used as subordinating conjunctions are:
after
although
as
as if
as long as
as though
because
before
even if
even though
if
in order that
just as
like
once
provided
rather than
since
so that
than
though
unless
until
when
whenever
while
Sequencing Complex Sentences
Dependent Clause First (comma needed)
- _____________________________________________.
- After the players practiced, they went out for a pizza.
- Until the storm is over, we will not know about the damage.
Independent Clause First (comma not needed)
- ______________________________________________.
- The players went out for a pizza after they practiced.
- We will not know about the damage until the storm is over.
Complex sentences have _______________________________:
_______________ _______________
Compound-Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences: A compound-complex sentence has ______________________________and _____________ _______________________________________.
Examples:
- ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________.
- Before the trick-or-treaters came, Megan made candied apples; they were delicious.
Sequencing Compound-Complex Sentences
Dependent Clause First
- After the party was over, Jean had a headache, so Paul cleaned up the house.
- When Jennifer feels sad, she calls Chris; he cheers her up.
Dependent Clause Second
- Jean had a headache after the party was over, so Paul cleaned up the house.
- Jennifer calls Chris whenever she feels sad; he cheers her up.
- Chad hates to sleep while his parents are awake, for he might miss something.
- The sky was gray when the volcano erupted; ash was falling everywhere.
Dependent Clause Third
- Jean had a headache, so Paul cleaned up the house after the party was over.
- The boss made Pat a great offer, and she accepted as long as he gave her a travel allowance.
- The doctors were busy with the serious cases; the slightly wounded soldier quietly waited while they worked.
- Todd gave an excellent report; his instructor thanked him after the rest of the class had left the room.
A compound-complex sentence has _____________________:
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
_______________ _______________
-----------------------
Nouns
................
................
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