OUTLINE FOR FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE



OUTLINE FOR FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE BALANCE

OBJECTIVES:

A. Identify pediatric differences that increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in the child.

B. State the major components in mild, moderate and severe dehydration as well as isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic dehydration.

C. Describe the clinical picture of Diabetes Insipidus.

D. Describe appropriate clinical management for dehydration.

E. Calculate 24 hr. maintenance fluid replacement for a child of various weights.

F. Calculate hourly fluid volume replacement for a child of various weights.

G. Identify the clinical assessment and management of fluid overload.

H. Describe the etiology, clinical manifestations, lab tests and treatments for the

various electrolyte disturbances presented.

I. Describe the clinical evaluation of a child with fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

J. Describe the clinical manifestations of each acid-base disturbance.

K. Correctly identify the appropriate acid-base condition as presented in examples

of blood gases in uncompensated clinical situations.

L. Describe how a person's blood gas would change if compensation were present.

READINGS:

Ball, J. W. & Bindler, R. C. (2006). Child health nursing: Partnering with children & families. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 23,

p. 724-69.

OUTLINE:

I. Pediatric differences

II. Fluid volume imbalances

A. Dehydration:

1.Mild

2. Moderate

3. Severe

4. Isotonic

5. Hypotonic

6. Hypertonic

B. Clinical management of dehydration

C. Maintenance fluid volume calculation

D. Fluid overload

III. Electrolyte imbalances

A. Sodium

1. Hypernatremia

2. Hyponatremia

B. Potassium

1. Hyperkalemia

2. Hypokalemia

C. Calcium

1. Hypercalcemia

2. Hypocalcemia

D. Magnesium

1. Hypermagnesemia

2. Hypomagnesemia

IV. Acid-Base Balance

A. Respiratory Acidosis

B. Respiratory Alkalosis

C. Metabolic Acidosis

D. Metabolic Alkalosis

E. Blood gas analysis

1. Uncompensated

2 Compensated (identification only)

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