CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY

Withdrawal: Yawning, coryza, lacrimation, insomnia, restlessness→sweaty, abdo pain, hallucination, diarrhoea, vomiting . Spinal reflex hyperexcitability. NA pathway from locus ceruleus important. Clonidine used to treat. CNS Agent Morphine Pethidine Tramadol … ................
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